{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T14:23:39Z","timestamp":1782311019112,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Intracranial atherosclerosis is a major cause of ischemic stroke. Vascular shape affects hemodynamics and plaque development. This study aims to investigate the relationships among M1 shape, hemodynamics, plaque distribution, and stroke occurrence using 4\u2010dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging in patients with ischemic stroke.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">This cross\u2010sectional study included 100 patients with unilateral ischemic stroke (200 M1 segments). Time\u2010averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS) and oscillatory shear index (OSI) were measured at inner\u2010 and outer\u2010wall sides at the most curved points and corresponding straight reference sections. Wall thickness, TAWSS, and OSI were assessed for plaque cross\u2010sections near curved points. For plaques on straight sections, TAWSS and OSI were calculated for the thick\u2010 and thin\u2010wall sides. In patients with bilaterally curved\u2010shaped M1, TAWSS and OSI at the most curved cross\u2010sections were compared between stroke and nonstroke sides.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">For curved\u2010shaped M1, the inner\u2010wall side showed lower TAWSS and higher OSI than the outer\u2010wall and straight reference sections. Plaque cross\u2010sections near curved points showed greater wall thickness and OSI but lower TAWSS at the inner wall. On straight sections, thick\u2010wall side of plaques showed decreased TAWSS and increased OSI. In patients with bilaterally curved\u2010shaped M1, stroke sides exhibited reduced inner\u2010wall TAWSS and elevated outer\u2010wall OSI than nonstroke sides.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Curved M1 shape is associated with disturbed hemodynamics, favoring plaque formation at the inner wall. Local variations in TAWSS and OSI may contribute to stroke risk. Our findings enhance understanding of intracranial atherosclerosis pathophysiology and highlight the value of quantifying vascular geometry and hemodynamics for individualized stroke risk assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.125.044697","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T10:58:58Z","timestamp":1770807538000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Associations Between Hemodynamics, Shape and Atherosclerosis in M1 of Middle Cerebral Artery: Insights From 4\u2010Dimensional Flow Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Ischemic Stroke"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7885-4443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lixin","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fudan University","place":["Shanghai, 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