{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T08:32:07Z","timestamp":1793089927840,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Historical data indicate men develop coronary heart disease (CHD) 10\u2009years before women. However, whether this sex gap persists in a contemporary sample amid changing cardiometabolic risk profiles, and whether differences exist for other cardiovascular disease (CVD) subtypes (ie, stroke, heart failure), is not known.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Data are from the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study, a prospective multicenter cohort study. US adults aged 18 to 30\u2009years enrolled in 1985 to 1986 and were followed through August 2020. Sex differences in the cumulative incidence functions of premature CVD (onset &lt;65\u2009years), overall and for each subtype (CHD, heart failure, stroke), were compared using Gray\u2019s test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      Among 5112 participants (54.5% female, 51.6% Black) with a mean age of 24.8\u2009years (SD: 3.7) at enrollment and a median follow\u2010up of 34.1\u2009years (interquartile range, 33.8\u201335.7), men had a significantly higher cumulative incidence of CVD, CHD, and heart failure (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.05 for all), with no difference in stroke (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.63). Men reached 5% incidence of CVD 7.0\u2009years earlier than women (50.5 versus 57.5\u2009years,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001). CHD was the most frequent CVD subtype, and men reached 2% incidence 10.1\u2009years earlier than women (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001). Men and women reached 2% stroke and 1% heart failure incidence at similar ages. Ten\u2010year CVD event rates diverged at an index age of 35.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Men developed CVD earlier than women, with the greatest difference observed for CHD. Sex differences in CVD risk emerged at age 35, persisted through midlife, and were not attenuated by accounting for cardiovascular health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.125.044922","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T01:45:42Z","timestamp":1769651142000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Sex Differences in Age of Onset of Premature Cardiovascular Disease and Subtypes: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9745-7768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexa A.","family":"Freedman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine","place":["Chicago, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9322-705X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura A.","family":"Colangelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine","place":["Chicago, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1157-6614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongyan","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine","place":["Chicago, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3351-0173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaclyn D.","family":"Borrowman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine","place":["Chicago, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2301-5796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cora E.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","place":["Birmingham, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9920-6257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pamela J.","family":"Schreiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota","place":["Minneapolis, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0643-1859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sadiya S.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine","place":["Chicago, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0847-6110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donald M.","family":"Lloyd\u2010Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine","place":["Boston, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Deaths: leading causes for 2020","volume":"72","author":"Curtin SC","year":"2023","unstructured":"Curtin SC, Tejada\u2010Vera B, Bastian BA. 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