{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T10:07:55Z","timestamp":1789553275375,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Female patients with infective endocarditis (IE) are referred to surgery less often than male patients, and research on sex differences after IE surgery is inconclusive. Understanding the impact of sex can help clinicians optimize patient care. Therefore, we investigated sex\u2010based differences in loss of life expectancy and net survival after aortic valve surgery for IE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">We conducted a population\u2010based, observational cohort study, including all patients undergoing aortic valve surgery for IE in Sweden from 1997 to 2022. Data came from national registers, including SWEDEHEART (Swedish Web\u2010System for Enhancement and Development of Evidence\u2010Based Care in Heart\u2010Disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies). Loss of life expectancy and net survival were calculated based on population data from the Human Mortality Database. Flexible parametric models were used to assess net survival.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">A total of 2585 patients underwent aortic valve surgery for IE; 19% were female. Women were older than men (median age 66 versus 63) and had more concomitant valve surgery and comorbidities, as well as lower socioeconomic status. During a mean follow\u2010up of 7\u2009years, 245 female patients (49%) versus 857 male patients (41%) died. Loss of life expectancy was accentuated in younger patients, ranging from 15.5\u2009years (95% CI, 9.0\u201321.9) in a 50\u2010year\u2010old female to 2.1\u2009years (95% CI, 0.95\u20133.2) in an 80\u2010year\u2010old male. After regression standardization, women had higher net survival compared with men.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">After aortic valve surgery for IE, net survival was higher among female patients after accounting for baseline differences, and loss of life expectancy was considerable for both female and male patients, particularly in younger patients. Focus on early diagnosis, as well as optimized pre\u2010 and postoperative care, is essential in patients with IE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.125.044997","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T12:16:34Z","timestamp":1781525794000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sex Differences in Clinical Outcomes and Loss of Life Expectancy After Aortic Valve Surgery for Infective Endocarditis: A SWEDEHEART Study"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6951-8831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Bearpark","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Karolinska Institutet","place":["Stockholm, Sweden"]},{"name":"Danderyd Hospital","place":["Stockholm, Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5652-8774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Dismorr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karolinska Institutet","place":["Stockholm, Sweden"]},{"name":"Danderyd Hospital","place":["Stockholm, Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3427-9455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anders","family":"Franco\u2010Cereceda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karolinska Institutet","place":["Stockholm, Sweden"]},{"name":"Karolinska University Hospital","place":["Stockholm, Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2707-0263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulrik","family":"Sartipy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karolinska Institutet","place":["Stockholm, Sweden"]},{"name":"Karolinska University Hospital","place":["Stockholm, Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4386-1041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalie","family":"Glaser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karolinska Institutet","place":["Stockholm, Sweden"]},{"name":"Stockholm South General Hospital","place":["Stockholm, Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-022-02100-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2023-002269"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.10.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.020095"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2022.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezae114"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2013-304916"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2018.10.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2021-319254"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.49815"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11226847"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0254553"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","first-page":"508","article-title":"Early outcome after surgery for active native and prosthetic aortic valve endocarditis","volume":"17","author":"Gabbieri D","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gabbieri D, Dohmen PM, Linneweber J, Grubitzsch H, von Heymann C, Neumann K, Halle E, Konertz WF. 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