{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T13:54:36Z","timestamp":1784555676734,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"22","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Individuals with HIV have increased risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the utility of the polygenic risk score (PRS) for estimating CAD risk (PRS\n CAD<\/jats:sub>\n ) is unknown in people living with HIV (PLWH). We evaluated the performance of PRS\n CAD<\/jats:sub>\n on coronary artery calcium (CAC), a measure of subclinical atherosclerosis, by HIV serostatus.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A\n \n PRS\n CAD<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n was applied to 1071 men (\n PLWH<\/jats:styled-content>\n , n=659; people living without\n HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n [\n PWOH<\/jats:styled-content>\n ], n=412) within\n MACS<\/jats:styled-content>\n (Multicenter\n AIDS<\/jats:styled-content>\n Cohort Study), then stratified by non\u2010Hispanic White or Black race and genetic similarity to references (\n non\u2010Hispanic White<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/genetically similar to European reference group, n=731;\n non\u2010Hispanic Black<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/genetically similar to African reference group, n=340).\n \n PRS\n CAD<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n performance for\n CAC<\/jats:styled-content>\n , estimated by Agatston score (\n AS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) from cardiac\n computed tomography<\/jats:styled-content>\n scans, was evaluated independently and jointly with the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Pooled Cohort Equations by\n HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n serostatus using adjusted\n \n R<\/jats:italic>\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n for log\u2010transformed\n CAC<\/jats:styled-content>\n and area under the curve (\n AUC<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) for binary outcomes (absence\/presence of\n CAC<\/jats:styled-content>\n , absence of CAC [\n AS<\/jats:styled-content>\n =0] versus low CAC [\n AS<\/jats:styled-content>\n =1\u2013100] or high CAC [\n AS<\/jats:styled-content>\n >100]).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Predicting the presence\/absence of CAC in\n non\u2010Hispanic White<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/genetically similar to European reference group adding\n \n PRS\n CAD<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n significantly improved the performance compared with the base model (\n \n AUC\n PLWH<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n =0.738,\n \n AUC\n PWOH<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n =0.759;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =0.015) but not the Pooled Cohort Equations\u00a0(\n \n AUC\n PLWH<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n =0.722,\n \n AUC\n PWOH<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n =0.736;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =0.26). Performance was lower in\n PLWH<\/jats:styled-content>\n than\n PWOH<\/jats:styled-content>\n among outcomes, especially comparing high with absent\n AS<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n \n AUC\n PLWH<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n =0.785,\n \n AUC\n PWOH<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n =0.865;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =0.025). Joint modeling of\n \n PRS\n CAD<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n and Pooled Cohort Equations decreased these gaps by\n HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n serostatus.\n \n PRS\n CAD<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n performed worse in\n non\u2010Hispanic Black<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/genetically similar to African reference groups compared with\n non\u2010Hispanic White<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/genetically similar to European reference groups, with lower performance in\n PLWH<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n \n AUC\n PLWH<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n =0.671,\n \n AUC\n PWOH<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n =0.769;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =0.22).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n The application of a\n \n PRS\n CAD<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n to\n CAC<\/jats:styled-content>\n showed lower performance for\n PLWH<\/jats:styled-content>\n than\n PWOH<\/jats:styled-content>\n men. Further research is needed to develop accurate risk prediction models with clinical utility in all patients.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.125.045144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T06:09:05Z","timestamp":1762927745000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Differential Performance of Polygenic Score for Coronary Artery Disease Based on Coronary Artery Calcium Between Men Living With and Without HIV"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7206-8088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Genevieve","family":"Wojcik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health","place":["Baltimore, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marios","family":"Arvanitis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine","place":["Baltimore, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9467-3454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabina","family":"Haberlen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health","place":["Baltimore, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7436-7396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eun\u2010Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University","place":["Chicago, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heejin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University","place":["Chicago, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kireem","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University","place":["Chicago, 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USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000695"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.3893"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.051843"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.22241"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0183-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0379-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2020.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11112-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.48376"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy217"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000437741.48606.98"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/126.2.310"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000847"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328306a6c5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M13-1754"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2022.04.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3656"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu704"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taliun 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