{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T16:59:23Z","timestamp":1785257963135,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"14","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Methamphetamine\u2010associated heart failure (MethHF) is an aggressive HF subtype, and its economic impact on the US health care system is not well defined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">A Markov microsimulation model from a limited societal perspective was developed to estimate the cost of illness and mortality burden of MethHF over a 20\u2010year time horizon. A hypothetical cohort of 10\u2009000 patients with severe MethHF transitioned through 3 states: mild, severe, and death, with HF hospitalization as a transitional event. Utilities, measured as quality\u2010adjusted life years, and costs, expressed in 2024 US dollars, were based on published literature, and transition probabilities were derived from real\u2010world data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">The age of the simulation cohort was 50\u00b16 (mean\u00b1SD) years old. Through a median follow\u2010up duration of 5.25 (Quartile 1\u2013Quartile 3: 2.92\u20139.83) life\u2010years (total 72\u2009562.75 person\u2010years), 2.99 (1.67\u20135.27) quality\u2010adjusted life years were accrued. The 20\u2010year cost of illness per patient was $627\u2009346\u00b1240\u2009282, and the direct cost (from both HF hospitalization and outpatient care) per patient was $421\u2009020\u00b1$313\u2009258. Annual cost of illness per patient was $101\u2009652 ($65\u2009039\u2013$171\u2009216), out of which 61.7\u00b129.7% was attributed to direct costs and 38.3\u00b129.7% to premature death. HF hospitalization costs accounted for 87.8\u00b113.3% of direct costs. A total of 8831 (88.3%) patients died from all causes, with age at death at 56\u00b17\u2009years old. The all\u2010cause mortality rate was 1217 deaths per 10\u2009000 person\u2010years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">This Markov microsimulation study underscores the substantial cost and mortality burdens of MethHF. The field of HF care cannot afford to overlook the economic and societal impacts of MethHF, which require urgent interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.125.045334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T10:52:23Z","timestamp":1784285543000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Development and Validation of a Markov Microsimulation Model for the Economic Evaluation of Methamphetamine\u2010Associated Heart Failure in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9484-8827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allison Y.","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell University","place":["Ithaca, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6007-850X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy Y.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania","place":["Philadelphia, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8353-9612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andres L.","family":"Deluna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Santa Clara Valley Medical Center","place":["San Jose, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7343-9458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Bounthavong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Diego","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5410-1056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan X.","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Santa Clara Valley Medical Center","place":["San Jose, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7103-2278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael H.","family":"Crawford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2024.100840"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053-200826060-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.120.007638"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2022-321610"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2019.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.018370"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2024.100838"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.12195."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-020-00942-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40258-018-0416-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12962-024-00552-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198526629.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139506779"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2017.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2019.09.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.10.3.405"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2018.03.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960240110"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X9401400107"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-020-00937-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.120.007216"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15620\/cdc:132418"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","unstructured":"Personal consumption expenditures: chain\u2010type price index. 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