{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T21:50:53Z","timestamp":1789681853135,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"23","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n While\n DNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n methylation (\n DNAm<\/jats:styled-content>\n )\u2010based algorithms of aging show promise for predicting age\u2010related diseases, their comparative utility for incident cardiovascular disease (\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) remains underexplored. We aimed to systematically compare 13\n DNAm<\/jats:styled-content>\n algorithms in relation to\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n risk in older adults.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n This prospective cohort study included 2112 participants from the US HRS (Health and Retirement Study) with baseline\n DNAm<\/jats:styled-content>\n data (2016) and 6\u2010year follow\u2010up.\n DNAm<\/jats:styled-content>\n profiling was performed using the Infinium\n MethylationEPIC BeadChip<\/jats:styled-content>\n kit (\n EPIC<\/jats:styled-content>\n , Illumina, San Diego,\n CA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ). Thirteen widely used\n DNAm<\/jats:styled-content>\n algorithms of aging were evaluated. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs per 1\u2010SD increase in risk scores for incident CVD, including any CVD, congestive heart failure, and stroke.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n During a median of 37\u2009months\u2019 follow\u2010up, a total of 288\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n cases (congestive heart failure, 38; stroke, 152) were observed. Zhang_DNAmAge, methylation Pace of Aging, and\n DNAmGrimAgeAcc<\/jats:styled-content>\n showed positive associations with any\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n risk, with\n HRs<\/jats:styled-content>\n per\n SD<\/jats:styled-content>\n increase of 1.25 (95%\n CI,<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.07\u20131.45), 1.16 (95%\n CI,<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.02\u20131.33), and 1.24 (95%\n CI,<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.05\u20131.47), respectively. For specific\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n subtypes,\n DNAmGrimAge<\/jats:styled-content>\n was associated with congestive heart failure risk (\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 1.47 [95%\n CI,<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.11\u20131.95]), while both\n mPoA<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 1.24 [95%\n CI,<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.03\u20131.49]) and\n HorvathAcc<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 1.28 [95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 1.07\u20131.55]) predicted incident stroke. Significant dose\u2013response relationships (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010trend <0.05) were observed for Zhang_DNAmAge and\n DNAmGrimAgeAcc<\/jats:styled-content>\n across all\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n outcomes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Zhang_DNAmAge, methylation Pace of Aging, and\n DNAmGrimAgeAcc<\/jats:styled-content>\n function as independent predictors of incident\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n . These epigenetic biomarkers may improve early\n CVD<\/jats:styled-content>\n detection and risk stratification in aging populations.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.125.045545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T12:15:32Z","timestamp":1764159332000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["DNA Methylation Algorithms of Aging and Incident Cardiovascular Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1669-9467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xian","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","place":["China"]},{"name":"Shanghai","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunbei","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","place":["China"]},{"name":"Shanghai","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7358-5375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["China"]},{"name":"Shanghai","place":["China"]},{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["China"]},{"name":"Hainan","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaqian","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["China"]},{"name":"Shanghai","place":["China"]},{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["China"]},{"name":"Hainan","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5371-1162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chongyu","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["China"]},{"name":"Shanghai","place":["China"]},{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["China"]},{"name":"Hainan","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2853-1850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhaojun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["China"]},{"name":"Shanghai","place":["China"]},{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["China"]},{"name":"Hainan","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1848-4782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiqun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["China"]},{"name":"Shanghai","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9450-7771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangwei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["China"]},{"name":"Shanghai","place":["China"]},{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","place":["China"]},{"name":"Hainan","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-018-0119-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2024.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0195-668x(03)00114-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hippisley\u2010Cox J Coupland C Robson J Brindle P. 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