{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T04:08:45Z","timestamp":1789013325790,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"15","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Pragmatic trials commonly use remote follow\u2010up to reduce participant burden and costs. However, these approaches may increase the risk of lost to follow\u2010up (LTFU). We identified patient\u2010 and site\u2010level factors associated with LTFU in 2 large, pragmatic heart failure (HF) trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">We analyzed data from 2 pragmatic US trials (CONNECT\u2010HF [Care Optimization Through Patient and Hospital Engagement Clinical Trial for Heart Failure], TRANSFORM\u2010HF [Torsemide Comparison With Furosemide for Management of Heart Failure]) following HF hospitalization. Both trials employed centralized call center\u2013based follow\u2010up with supplemental data sources. For this analysis, LTFU was defined as the absence of both a completed 6\u2010month assessment and any subsequent clinical follow\u2010up throughout the study (confirmation of vital status alone was insufficient). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with LTFU in each trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">The LTFU rates were 7.6% (362\/4771) in CONNECT\u2010HF and 10.5% (245\/2334) in TRANSFORM\u2010HF. In multivariable analyses of both trials, younger age was consistently associated with increased LTFU. Conversely, implantable cardioverter\u2010defibrillator\/cardiac resynchronization therapy was consistently associated with lower LTFU (CONNECT\u2010HF: adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.56 [95% CI, 0.43\u20130.75]; TRANSFORM\u2010HF: aOR, 0.59 [95% CI, 0.39\u20130.89]). In CONNECT\u2010HF, smaller hospital size (aOR per 100 beds, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.83\u20130.97]) was also associated with higher LTFU. Socioeconomic factors were not significantly associated with LTFU.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">In analyses of 2 pragmatic trials of patients hospitalized for HF in the United States, younger patients, those without implantable cardioverter\u2010defibrillator\/cardiac resynchronization therapy, and smaller hospital size were associated with higher LTFU. Tailoring retention strategies to both patient and site characteristics should be explored in future work to help mitigate LTFU in pragmatic trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.125.046455","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T10:19:48Z","timestamp":1784974788000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lost to Follow\u2010Up in Pragmatic Trials With Remote Follow\u2010Up: Insights From CONNECT\u2010HF and TRANSFORM\u2010HF"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2223-7215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satoshi","family":"Shoji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Clinical Research Institute","place":["Durham, USA"]},{"name":"Duke University School of Medicine","place":["Durham, USA"]},{"name":"Keio University School of Medicine","place":["Tokyo, Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa A.","family":"Kaltenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Clinical Research Institute","place":["Durham, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1069-9567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haolin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Clinical Research Institute","place":["Durham, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3222-1719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert J.","family":"Mentz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Clinical Research Institute","place":["Durham, USA"]},{"name":"Duke University School of Medicine","place":["Durham, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0828-6851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bradi B.","family":"Granger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University School of Nursing","place":["Durham, USA"]},{"name":"Duke\u2010Margolis Health Policy Institute","place":["Durham, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3192-8093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregg C.","family":"Fonarow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA","place":["Los Angeles, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7683-4720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javed","family":"Butler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor Scott and White Research Institute","place":["Dallas, USA"]},{"name":"University of Mississippi Medical Center","place":["Jackson, 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