{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T11:51:50Z","timestamp":1792669910766,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Environmental pollution is an often\u2010neglected contributor to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a subset of ubiquitous pollutants. Recent evidence has suggested exposure to VOCs as a possible contributor to CVD. We aimed to review the evidence for such a link between VOC exposure and cardiovascular outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were systematically searched for ecological and observational studies evaluating associations between exposure to VOCs and cardiovascular outcomes. The available evidence was synthesized qualitatively, and meta\u2010analyses were conducted wherever multiple estimates were identified for a shared association. Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the influence of individual studies on the pooled estimates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      Thirty\u2010six studies were included in the review. Pooled random\u2010effects estimates for associations between VOC mixtures (odds ratio, 1.57 [95% CI, 0.79\u20133.11])\/toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene and CVD trended toward a positive effect while being imprecise. The pooled estimate for the association between exposure to benzene and CVD death also trended toward a positive effect (meta relative risk, 1.09 [95% CI, 0.99\u20131.21];\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      =91.4 [95% prediction interval, 0.82\u20131.46]). However, serious inconsistencies were noted on the significance and the magnitude of association. Fixed\u2010effect analyses indicated significant positive effects in all evaluated associations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Evidence from studies evaluating ambient and individual VOC exposures suggests a possible association with increased CVD and CVD death. However, the heterogeneity noted between specific VOCs' effects, possible confounding, limited long\u2010term exposure assessment, and sparse evaluation of mixture\/copollutant effects warrant cautious interpretation of these findings and highlight the need for future high\u2010quality prospective studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.125.047372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T11:08:00Z","timestamp":1773832080000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8273-7873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saba","family":"Goodarzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Alborz University of Medical Sciences","place":["Karaj, 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