{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T11:45:33Z","timestamp":1782992733521,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a highly distressing cause of acute myocardial infarction. No SCAD\u2010specific distress measure currently exists, with researchers relying on generic measures of anxiety, depression, and distress that fail to capture the psychological impacts unique to SCAD. We developed and validated the SCAD Distress Inventory (SDI) to provide a condition\u2010specific distress measure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">The SDI was developed through a multistep process. First, 48 SCAD\u2010related distress items were generated from focus groups with SCAD survivors (N=30) and relevant literature. Items were administered online to survivors of SCAD (N=293, angiography\u2010confirmed), who also provided sociodemographic and medical data and completed validated psychological instruments. Exploratory factor analysis identified underlying dimensions within the item pool and Rasch analysis confirmed dimensionality and refined the scale. Psychometric properties were assessed, including internal consistency (McDonald's \u03c9), construct and discriminant validity (correlations with other validated psychological instruments), and clinically significant cutoff scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">The final SDI comprised 33 items across 4 subscales: challenges to sense of self, fear of recurrence, concerns about reduced capacity, and lack of support and validation. All subscales met required statistical and conceptual criteria. The SDI demonstrated excellent internal consistency (\u03c9=0.88\u20130.92) and good construct and discriminant validity (correlations significantly higher with cardiac distress and lower with posttraumatic growth). Clinically significant cutoff scores were identified for the scale and subscales.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">The 33\u2010item SDI was successfully codesigned and validated. It can be used in both research and clinical settings, enabling comprehensive assessment of the unique and multifaceted psychological distress experienced after SCAD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.125.047498","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T11:35:36Z","timestamp":1773401736000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Development and Validation of a Measure of Psychological Distress After Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection: The Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection Distress Inventory"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6867-5819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara M.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Centre for Heart Health","place":["Melbourne, Australia"]},{"name":"University of Melbourne","place":["Melbourne, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5902-6131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael R.","family":"Le Grande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Centre for Heart Health","place":["Melbourne, Australia"]},{"name":"University of Melbourne","place":["Melbourne, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1908-1405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah T.","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Centre for Heart Health","place":["Melbourne, Australia"]},{"name":"University of Melbourne","place":["Melbourne, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4521-5086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie","family":"Hesselson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute","place":["Sydney, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2558-3535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle C.","family":"Rogerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Centre for Heart Health","place":["Melbourne, Australia"]},{"name":"University of Melbourne","place":["Melbourne, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SCAD Research Inc","place":["Sydney, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2409-7356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siiri E.","family":"Iismaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute","place":["Sydney, Australia"]},{"name":"University of NSW","place":["Sydney, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4555-769X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason C.","family":"Kovacic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute","place":["Sydney, Australia"]},{"name":"St Vincent\u2019s Hospital","place":["Sydney, Australia"]},{"name":"University of NSW","place":["Sydney, Australia"]},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai","place":["New York, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1042-2587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert M.","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute","place":["Sydney, Australia"]},{"name":"St Vincent\u2019s Hospital","place":["Sydney, Australia"]},{"name":"University of NSW","place":["Sydney, Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9565-1399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alun C.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Centre for Heart Health","place":["Melbourne, Australia"]},{"name":"University of Melbourne","place":["Melbourne, Australia"]},{"name":"University of Hong Kong","place":["Pokfulam, Hong Kong, PRC"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.05.084"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/cir.0000000000000564"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy080"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.06.053"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2016-000491"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14779072.2019.1598261"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad191"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1443-9506(18)30060-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2020.05.110"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.012570"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.08.045"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2016.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0273978"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0296224"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjcn\/zvaf069"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.032819"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjcn\/zvad013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/hea0001086"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2023.09.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/hcr.0000000000000330"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/hcr.0000000000000030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(16)31937-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/hcr.0000000000000460"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12471-020-01437-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjcn\/zvac009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/hcr.0000000000000782"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3978\/j.issn.2223-3652.2015.01.08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.119.014372"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.032141"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-022-02897-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-023-03439-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-034946"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad514"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaf191"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5543\/tkda.2025.94460"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-02092-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2024.1412264"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2019.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2016.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.07.464"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2022.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10880-021-09803-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCGEN.121.003527"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.124.037921"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02103658"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOCS.0000045346.76242.73"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","volume-title":"Using Multivariate Statistics","author":"Tabachnick BG","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS. Using Multivariate Statistics. Pearson; 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023353"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-008-9190-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.4.3.272"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","volume-title":"Winsteps\u00ae Rasch Measurement Computer Program 5.2.2","author":"Linacre J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Linacre J. Winsteps\u00ae Rasch Measurement Computer Program 5.2.2. Winsteps.com; 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-43420-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","first-page":"385","article-title":"Unidimensionality coefficient","volume":"8","author":"Wright B","year":"1994","unstructured":"Wright B. Unidimensionality coefficient. Rasch Measur Transact. 1994;8:385.","journal-title":"Rasch Measur Transact"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","first-page":"85","article-title":"Optimizing rating scale category effectiveness","volume":"3","author":"Linacre JM","year":"2002","unstructured":"Linacre JM. Optimizing rating scale category effectiveness. J Appl Meas. 2002;3:85\u2013106.","journal-title":"J Appl Meas"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781410614575"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","unstructured":"Linacre JM. DIF \u2010 DPF \u2010 DTF \u2010 bias \u2010 interactions concepts. 2023 https:\/\/www.winsteps.com\/winman\/difconcepts.htm."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","first-page":"238","article-title":"Reliability, separation, strata statistics","volume":"6","author":"Fisher WP","year":"1992","unstructured":"Fisher Jr. WP. Reliability, separation, strata statistics. Meas Transact. 1992;6:238. https:\/\/www.rasch.org\/rmt\/rmt63i.htm","journal-title":"Meas Transact"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-10-22"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164415594658"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599819852604"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-006x.59.1.12"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(1950)3:1<32::aid-cncr2820030106>3.0.co;2-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.200410135"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","volume-title":"Statistical Software Components S457719","author":"Clayton M","year":"2013","unstructured":"Clayton M. CUTPT: Stata module to estimate cutpoint for a diagnostic test. Statistical Software Components S457719. Boston College Department of Economics; 2013. Available from: https:\/\/ideas.repec.org\/c\/boc\/bocode\/s457719.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","volume-title":"Essentials of Nursing Research: Appraising Evidence for Nursing Practice","author":"Polit DF","year":"2018","unstructured":"Polit DF, Beck CT. Essentials of Nursing Research: Appraising Evidence for Nursing Practice. 9th ed. Philadelphia, USA: Wolters Kluwer; 2018.","edition":"9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-013-0487-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bs15040479"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjcn\/zvae071"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Heart Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/JAHA.125.047498","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T11:13:52Z","timestamp":1782990832000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/JAHA.125.047498"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/JAHA.125.047498"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.125.047498","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-9980"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-9980","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e047498"}}