{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T06:52:40Z","timestamp":1791355960383,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"19","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Nondipping, &lt;10% nighttime blood pressure reduction, is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD). We conducted a systematic review to determine CKD nondipper prevalence, nondipper risk between patients with and without CKD and adverse events associated with nondippers in CKD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      CKD population studies undergoing an automated blood pressure monitor were searched for on MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL (December 2023), included if they had nondipper information and excluded if they examined only a specific population. Random\u2010effects analysis was conducted to determine prevalence and relative risk (RR) with 95% CI. Risk of bias was assessed with the Joanna Briggs Institute score for prevalence studies and Newcastle\u2010Ottawa Scale for observational studies. A sensitivity analysis excluded studied with a high risk of bias. Heterogeneity was examined using I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      and SD.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">\n                      We included 63 articles with 54\u2009515 patients; 33\u2009825 with CKD and 20\u2009690 without CKD. CKD nondipper prevalence was 0.53 (95% CI, 0.52\u20130.53, SD=13.5%). Compared with patients with CKD, those without CKD had a lower risk of nondipping status (RR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.63\u20130.75], SD=14.1%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001). Similar findings were seen in the sensitivity analysis. CKD, dippers compared with nondippers, was associated with a lower mortality (RR, 0.60 [95% CI, 0.49\u20130.72], SD=3.2%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001), cardiovascular events (RR, 0.63 [95% CI, 0.47\u20130.85], SD=28.3%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001), and CKD progression (RR, 0.64 [95% CI 0.55\u20130.75], SD=14.1%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"no\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Nondipping is prevalent in CKD, with CKD itself a risk factor. Nondipping was associated with mortality, cardiovascular event, and CKD progression. Almost all included studies were retrospective cohorts, with a high heterogeneity found.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.125.048285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T11:13:05Z","timestamp":1790680385000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Blood Pressure Dipping Status in Chronic Kidney Disease and Association With Adverse Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4212-030X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Abdallah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gilbert & Rose\u2010Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University","place":["Byblos, Lebanon"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8247-4776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghaidaa","family":"El Saddik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gilbert & Rose\u2010Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University","place":["Byblos, Lebanon"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7159-7559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sola","family":"Aoun Bahous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gilbert & Rose\u2010Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University","place":["Byblos, Lebanon"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hala","family":"Kilani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gilbert & Rose\u2010Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University","place":["Byblos, Lebanon"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5043-6329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siba","family":"Kallab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gilbert & Rose\u2010Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University","place":["Byblos, Lebanon"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9198-6092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hicham","family":"Cheikh Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gilbert & Rose\u2010Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University","place":["Byblos, Lebanon"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2019.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158765"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30045-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.12.041"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2010.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.124.323515"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jhh.2009.66"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31661\/gmj.v14i.3604"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(18)32279-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","first-page":"127","article-title":"Causes and consequences of a non\u2010dipping blood pressure profile","volume":"65","author":"Birkenh\u00e4ger AM","year":"2007","unstructured":"Birkenh\u00e4ger AM, van den Meiracker AH. 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