{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T06:55:47Z","timestamp":1789541747375,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"14","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Frailty is common among patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). This study aimed to examine both baseline frailty and its longitudinal changes in relation to the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in patients with CHD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Data were sourced from the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study. Frailty status was assessed using a modified Fried frailty phenotype at 2 consecutive surveys. The outcome was MACEs, defined as a composite of recurrent CHD, incident heart failure, stroke, or cardiovascular death. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">In baseline frailty analyses, 1793 patients with CHD were included. Compared with robust patients, prefrail and frail patients had a higher risk of MACEs (HR, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.08\u20131.42] for prefrail; and HR, 1.75 [95% CI, 1.43\u20132.15] for frail). In frailty transition analyses, 862 patients with CHD were included. Patients who progressed from robust to prefrail\/frail status had a higher MACE risk (HR, 1.43 [95% CI, 1.07\u20131.91]) compared with those who remained robust. Similarly, progression from prefrail to frail status was associated with an increased risk of MACEs (HR, 2.30 [95% CI, 1.62\u20133.27]) compared with stable prefrailty. Conversely, recovery from prefrail to robust status was related to a decreased MACE risk (HR, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.40\u20130.96]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec xml:lang=\"en\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p xml:lang=\"en\">Both baseline frailty and its temporal changes were associated with the risk of MACEs among patients with CHD, highlighting the clinical value of monitoring and intervening for frailty in CHD management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.125.050557","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T03:22:47Z","timestamp":1783740167000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Longitudinal Changes in Frailty and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0994-9103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yihong","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9782-5470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Di","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine","place":["Hangzhou, China"]},{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Precision Medicine","place":["Hangzhou, China"]},{"name":"Engineering Research Center for Cardiovascular Innovative Devices of Zhejiang Province","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiabei","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University School of Medicine","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaying","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine","place":["Hangzhou, China"]},{"name":"School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7068-8689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhida","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine","place":["Hangzhou, China"]},{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Precision Medicine","place":["Hangzhou, China"]},{"name":"Engineering Research Center for Cardiovascular Innovative Devices of Zhejiang Province","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Songzan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine","place":["Hangzhou, China"]},{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Precision Medicine","place":["Hangzhou, China"]},{"name":"Engineering Research Center for Cardiovascular Innovative Devices of Zhejiang Province","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5313-8164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University School of Medicine","place":["Hangzhou, China"]},{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province","place":["Hangzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2389-8752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changzheng","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University School of Medicine","place":["Hangzhou, China"]},{"name":"Harvard T. 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