{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T04:08:43Z","timestamp":1789013323910,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"15","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JAHA"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Microvascular dysfunction post stroke remains insufficiently investigated and may contribute to impairments in physical function. Single passive limb movement (sPLM) provides a clinically relevant assessment of microvascular vasodilation. We hypothesized the response to sPLM would be attenuated in the paretic leg compared with age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched controls (CON) and would improve following a single session of ischemic conditioning (IC), an intervention known to enhance vasodilation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n In this randomized crossover trial, superficial femoral artery leg blood flow was measured during sPLM, using a Biodex dynamometer, which passively moved the leg 90\u00b0 at 1\u2009Hz. A thigh cuff was placed around the paretic leg (dominant leg in CON) and inflated to 225\u2009mm\u2009Hg for IC or 25\u2009mm\u2009Hg for sham\u2010IC for 5\u2009minutes, followed by 5\u2009minutes deflation, repeated for 45\u2009minutes. A blinded assessor remeasured the sPLM response, calculated as the percentage of change in peak leg blood flow relative to baseline.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Fifteen individuals post stroke (62\u00b110\u2009years old, 60% female, 8\u00b16\u2009years post stroke) and fifteen CON completed the study. The microvascular response to sPLM was lower in the paretic leg (\n \n \n \n \n x<\/mml:mi>\n \u00af<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mover>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:semantics>\n <\/mml:math>\n =47%\u00b119%) compared with CON (\n \n \n \n \n x<\/mml:mi>\n \u00af<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mover>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:semantics>\n <\/mml:math>\n =65%\u00b136%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =0.04) but not the nonparetic leg (\n \n \n \n \n x<\/mml:mi>\n \u00af<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:mover>\n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:semantics>\n <\/mml:math>\n =56%\u00b134%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =0.10). IC improved the microvascular response to sPLM in the paretic leg (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =0.02) but not the nonparetic leg or CON (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u22650.68).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Individuals post stroke exhibited impaired movement\u2010induced microvascular vasodilation in the paretic leg. A single session of IC acutely improved the paretic leg's response, potentially supporting local IC as an adjunct therapy to enhance microvascular health before neurorehabilitation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.126.050817","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T10:23:41Z","timestamp":1784975021000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impaired Microvascular Reactivity to Passive Limb Movement After Stroke Is Improved by a Single Session of Ischemic Conditioning"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8701-9227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alicen A.","family":"Whitaker\u2010Hilbig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin","place":["Milwaukee, USA"]},{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin","place":["Milwaukee, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer N.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin","place":["Milwaukee, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2298-2491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda","family":"Wietrzny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin","place":["Milwaukee, USA"]},{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin","place":["Milwaukee, USA"]},{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin","place":["Milwaukee, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akash","family":"Desai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin","place":["Milwaukee, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Wietrzny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin","place":["Milwaukee, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Macey","family":"Dunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin","place":["Milwaukee, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0516-8564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yelyzaveta","family":"Merenzon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin","place":["Milwaukee, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergey","family":"Tarima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Kentucky","place":["Lexington, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilie","family":"Klevenow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marquette University","place":["Milwaukee, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1798-0722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allison S.","family":"Hyngstrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marquette University","place":["Milwaukee, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1416-1652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Durand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin","place":["Milwaukee, USA"]},{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin","place":["Milwaukee, USA"]},{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin","place":["Milwaukee, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/jes.0000000000000151"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00601.2023"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-025-05717-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/EP090312"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00421.2016"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/EP089629"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00557.2017"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.021066"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000332809"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00533.2017"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.mss.0000983472.49485.47"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00532.2012"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.235952"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00961.2015"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2011.224741"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000936"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00806.2014"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1165800"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00580.2010"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.10.044"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00568.2019"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.14075"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.12173"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.74.5.1124"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.143578"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2011.08.046"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00398.2020"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(96)00760-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2005.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00471.2010"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00772.2018"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0144023"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hyngstrom AS Murphy SA Nguyen J Schmit BD Negro F Gutterman DD Durand MJ. Ischemic conditioning increases strength and volitional activation of paretic muscle in chronic stroke: a pilot study. 2018;124:1140\u20131147. doi: 10.1152\/japplphysiol.01072.2017","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01072.2017"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00545"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00923.2017"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00093.2024"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP282568"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/jrsm.2012.120049"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2019.03.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.2025.40.S1.0591"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/CH-152039"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2022.102969"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2025.1632704"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.108.536086"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-025-01120-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20053915"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01085.2017"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00482.2010"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000214218"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.033751"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.70365"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-99334-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000514"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-015-0358-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.605840"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1538574410369709"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)62001-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-021-00848-y"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Heart Association"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/JAHA.126.050817","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T03:41:27Z","timestamp":1789011687000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/JAHA.126.050817"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/JAHA.126.050817"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.126.050817","relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-9980"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-9980","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e050817"}}