{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T23:35:08Z","timestamp":1792193708130,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":180,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite the global impact and advances in understanding the pathophysiology of cerebrovascular diseases, the term \u201cstroke\u201d is not consistently defined in clinical practice, in clinical research, or in assessments of the public health. The classic definition is mainly clinical and does not account for advances in science and technology. The Stroke Council of the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association convened a writing group to develop an expert consensus document for an updated definition of stroke for the 21st century. Central nervous system infarction is defined as brain, spinal cord, or retinal cell death attributable to ischemia, based on neuropathological, neuroimaging, and\/or clinical evidence of permanent injury. Central nervous system infarction occurs over a clinical spectrum: Ischemic stroke specifically refers to central nervous system infarction accompanied by overt symptoms, while silent infarction by definition causes no known symptoms. Stroke also broadly includes intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage. The updated definition of stroke incorporates clinical and tissue criteria and can be incorporated into practice, research, and assessments of the public health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/str.0b013e318296aeca","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,8]],"date-time":"2013-05-08T01:44:41Z","timestamp":1367977481000},"page":"2064-2089","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3141,"title":["An Updated Definition of Stroke for the 21st Century"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Ralph L.","family":"Sacco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott E.","family":"Kasner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph P.","family":"Broderick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis R.","family":"Caplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.J. (Buddy)","family":"Connors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Culebras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitchell S.V.","family":"Elkind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary G.","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allen D.","family":"Hamdan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randall T.","family":"Higashida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian L.","family":"Hoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. Scott","family":"Janis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos S.","family":"Kase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawn O.","family":"Kleindorfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Moo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Moseley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric D.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanya N.","family":"Turan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy L.","family":"Valderrama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harry V.","family":"Vinters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.108.192218"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e31826e1058"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.26.1.14"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","volume-title":"A Physico-Medical Essay Concerning the Late Frequency of Apoplexies Together With a General Method of Their Prevention and Cure: In a Letter to a Physician","author":"Cole W","year":"1869","unstructured":"Cole W. A Physico-Medical Essay Concerning the Late Frequency of Apoplexies Together With a General Method of Their Prevention and Cure: In a Letter to a Physician. Oxford, United Kingdom; The Theater; 1869. Reprinted by:New York, NY: Classics of Neurology & Neurosurgery Library; 1995."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","volume-title":"The Genuine Works of Hippocrates: Translated From the Greek With a Preliminary Discourse and Annotations by Francis Adams","author":"Hippocrates","year":"1939","unstructured":"Hippocrates. The Genuine Works of Hippocrates: Translated From the Greek With a Preliminary Discourse and Annotations by Francis Adams. Adams, trans-ed.Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins; 1939."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"113","article-title":"Cerebrovascular disease in the community: results of a WHO collaborative study.","volume":"58","author":"Aho K","year":"1980","unstructured":"Aho K, Harmsen P, Hatano S, Marquardsen J, Smirnov VE, Strasser T. Cerebrovascular disease in the community: results of a WHO collaborative study. Bull World Health Organ. 1980;58:113\u2013130.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"81","volume-title":"Cerebral Vascular Diseases","author":"Fisher CM","year":"1958","unstructured":"Fisher CM. Intermittent cerebral ischemia. In: , Wright IS, Millikan CH, eds. Cerebral Vascular Diseases. New York, NY: Grune & Stratton; 1958:81\u201397."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.62.8_suppl_6.S3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.6.5.564"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsb020987"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","author":"Classification of Diseases, Functioning, and Disability","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Web site. Classification of Diseases, Functioning, and Disability. International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM). http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/icd\/icd10cm.htm#10update. Accessed April 25, 2013.","journal-title":"International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410400213"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11936-010-0072-y"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","first-page":"CD007424","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography for detection of acute vascular lesions in patients presenting with stroke symptoms.","author":"Brazzelli M","year":"2009","unstructured":"Brazzelli M, Sandercock P, Chappell F, Celani M, Righetti E, Arestis N, Wardlaw J, Deeks J. Magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography for detection of acute vascular lesions in patients presenting with stroke symptoms. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;(4):CD007424.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20976"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60151-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.108.541656"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2009.5.3.107"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2010.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(200004)47:4<462::AID-ANA9>3.0.CO;2-Y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1358\/dnp.2009.22.8.1413791","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers of ischemic stroke: criteria for the validation of primary imaging biomarkers.","volume":"22","author":"Pedraza S","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pedraza S, Puig J, Blasco G, Daunis-i-Estadella J, Boada I, Bardera A, Prats A, Castellanos M, Serena J. Magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers of ischemic stroke: criteria for the validation of primary imaging biomarkers. Drug News Perspect. 2009;22:481\u2013486.","journal-title":"Drug News Perspect"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70044-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000217403.66996.6d"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000149938.08731.2c"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70267-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.108.192616"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.30.10.2059"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2004.06.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410370214"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.212.2.r99au36333"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","first-page":"680","article-title":"Quantitative assessment of the time course of infarct signal intensity on diffusion-weighted images.","volume":"24","author":"Eastwood JD","year":"2003","unstructured":"Eastwood JD, Engelter ST, MacFall JF, Delong DM, Provenzale JM. Quantitative assessment of the time course of infarct signal intensity on diffusion-weighted images. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2003;24:680\u2013687.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2003.031724"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.63.8.1113"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31823efc93"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.29.1.239"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.109.576793"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","first-page":"215","volume-title":"Pathology & Genetics: Cerebrovascular Diseases","author":"Petito CK","year":"2005","unstructured":"Petito CK. The neuropathology of focal brain ischemia. In: , Kalimo H. ed.Pathology & Genetics: Cerebrovascular Diseases. Basel, Switzerland: ISN Neuropath Press; 2005:215\u2013221."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","first-page":"51","volume-title":"Diagnostic Neuropathology","author":"Vinters HV","year":"1998","unstructured":"Vinters HV, Farrell MA, Mischel PS, Anders KH. Anoxic-ischemic change and cerebrovascular disease. In: Diagnostic Neuropathology. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker; 1998:51\u2013146."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2009.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","first-page":"51","volume-title":"Neuropathology. A Guide for Practising Pathologists","author":"Vinters HV","year":"2001","unstructured":"Vinters HV. Cerebrovascular disease: practical issues in surgical and autopsy pathology. In: , Love S, ed. Neuropathology. A Guide for Practising Pathologists. Berlin-Heidelberg, Germany: Springer; 2001:51\u201399. Current Topics in Pathology; vol 95."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","first-page":"5","article-title":"Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury: pathophysiology, neuropathology and mechanisms.","volume":"26","author":"Busl KM","year":"2010","unstructured":"Busl KM, Greer DM. Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury: pathophysiology, neuropathology and mechanisms. NeuroRehabilitation. 2010;26:5\u201313.","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","first-page":"519","article-title":"Microglia: insights into immune system structure, function, and reactivity in the central nervous system.","volume":"26","author":"Wirenfeldt M","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wirenfeldt M, Babcock AA, Vinters HV. Microglia: insights into immune system structure, function, and reactivity in the central nervous system. Histol Histopathol. 2011;26:519\u2013530.","journal-title":"Histol Histopathol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2009.00322.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/59.11.931"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000181116.15426.58"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.22.2830"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)08020-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.67.5.651"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2008.00192.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","first-page":"1061","article-title":"Clinical experience with diffusion-weighted MR in patients with acute stroke.","volume":"19","author":"L\u00f6vblad KO","year":"1998","unstructured":"L\u00f6vblad KO, Laubach HJ, Baird AE, Curtin F, Schlaug G, Edelman RR, Warach S. Clinical experience with diffusion-weighted MR in patients with acute stroke. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1998;19:1061\u20131066.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","first-page":"1434","article-title":"False-negative diffusion-weighted MR findings in acute ischemic stroke.","volume":"21","author":"Oppenheim C","year":"2000","unstructured":"Oppenheim C, Stanescu R, Dormont D, Crozier S, Marro B, Samson Y, Rancurel G, Marsault C. False-negative diffusion-weighted MR findings in acute ischemic stroke. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2000;21:1434\u20131440.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000065673"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.38.5.674"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","first-page":"463. Abstract","article-title":"A multicenter pooled, patient-level data analysis of diffusion-weighted MRI in TIA patients.","volume":"38","author":"Shah SH","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shah SH, Saver JL, Kidwell CS, Albers GW, Rothwell PM, Ay H, Koroshetz WJ, Inatomi Y, Uchino M, Demchuk AM, Coutts SB, Purroy F, Alvarez-Sabin JS, Sander D, Sander K, Restrepo L, Wityk RJ, Marx JJ, Easton JD. A multicenter pooled, patient-level data analysis of diffusion-weighted MRI in TIA patients. Stroke. 2007;38:463. Abstract.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","unstructured":"Ellison D Love S Chimelli L Harding BN Lowe JS Vinters HV Brandner S Yong WH. Neuropathology. 3rd ed. London UK: Mosby Elsevier; 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.30.4.736"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e318193ca99"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-004-2425-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","first-page":"157","article-title":"Hepatic infarction.","volume":"11","author":"Lund H","year":"1935","unstructured":"Lund H, Stewart HL, Lieber MM. Hepatic infarction. Am J Pathol. 1935;11:157\u2013178.5.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.122.4.1440"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","volume-title":"UpToDate","author":"Friedman LS","year":"2011","unstructured":"Friedman LS. Ischemic hepatitis, hepatic infarction, and ischemic cholangiopathy. In: UpToDate. , Chopra S, ed. Waltham, MA: UpToDate; 2011. http:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/ischemic-hepatitis-hepatic-infarction-and-ischemic-cholangiopathy. Accessed April 25, 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","first-page":"389","volume-title":"The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology","author":"Moore KL","year":"2008","unstructured":"Moore KL, Persaud TVN. The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2008:389.","edition":"8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410320312"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000047768"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.108.543371"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2010.6.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.69.2.248"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(03)00218-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurad.2008.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A0929"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000156158.48587.EA"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0404.2000.102005275.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.042432"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70170-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.15.8.774"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.38.11.1674"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-5214(86)90106-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-821X(05)80682-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.28.6.1158"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000056540.04159.f3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.110.600114"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa070972"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000135226.53499.85"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000132193.35955.69"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.1.67"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000068408.82115.d2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.9.1683"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.24.5.647"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.26.3.380"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.20.7.850"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.25.6.1122"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.41.103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000113759.80877.1F"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960181008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1993.00540070026009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150050189"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.169.1.3420242"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000069163.02611.b0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/cir.0b013e31828124ad"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.29.5.913"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hs0102.101629"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.55.9.1217"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000277521.66947.e5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000032241.58727.49"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000052631.98405.15"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20630"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.7.1222"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(99)00110-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.60.10.1394"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa022066"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1550"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000079192"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21085"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.0b013e3181fcb238"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.22.2864"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.110.592642"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.109.575043"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn318","article-title":"Outcome after spontaneous and arteriovenous malformation-related intracerebral haemorrhage: population-based studies.","volume":"132","author":"van Beijnum J","year":"2009","unstructured":"van Beijnum J, Lovelock CE, Cordonnier C, Rothwell PM, Klijn CJ, Al-Shahi Salman R; SIVMS Steering Committee and the Oxford Vascular Study. Outcome after spontaneous and arteriovenous malformation-related intracerebral haemorrhage: population-based studies. Brain. 2009;132(pt 2):537\u2013543.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.107.484329"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-4949.2009.00238.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.15.1823"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000316892"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.28.7.1406"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2002.96.1.0086"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_126_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000210524.68507.87"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_127_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000217970.18319.7d"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_128_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-197109000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_129_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2959"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_130_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-008-9070-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_131_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.5.991"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_132_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182020349"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_133_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh253"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_134_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000090841.90286.81"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_135_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000306090.30517.ae"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_136_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000369512.58898.99"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_137_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000226617"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_138_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_139_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.110.581975"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_140_2","first-page":"900","article-title":"Determining the sensitivity of computed tomography scanning in early detection of subarachnoid hemorrhage.","volume":"66","author":"Cortnum S","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cortnum S, S\u00f8rensen P, J\u00f8rgensen J. Determining the sensitivity of computed tomography scanning in early detection of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery. 2010;66:900\u2013902.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_141_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2005.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_142_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-200603000-00025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_143_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-003-1877-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_144_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/83.12.1326"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_145_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2007.09.052"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_146_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2007.10.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_147_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.24.9.1403"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_148_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1986"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_149_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.35.4.493"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_150_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-009-0518-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_151_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)91970-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_152_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1996.85.6.0995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_153_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.68.3.332"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_154_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199512143332401"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_155_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)04011-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_156_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03530130023023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_157_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.056275"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_158_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.47.2.376"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_159_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-5206-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_160_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2006.00595.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_161_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra042354"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_162_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.0b013e31820a8364"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_163_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_164_2","first-page":"614","article-title":"Subarachnoid hemorrhage as the initial presentation of dural sinus thrombosis.","volume":"26","author":"Oppenheim C","year":"2005","unstructured":"Oppenheim C, Domigo V, Gauvrit JY, Lamy C, Mackowiak-Cordoliani MA, Pruvo JP, M\u00e9der JF. Subarachnoid hemorrhage as the initial presentation of dural sinus thrombosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2005;26:614\u2013617.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_165_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.1.31"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_166_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-004-0287-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_167_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.107.509711"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_168_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-003-0932-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_169_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000173152.84438.1c"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_170_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.03011.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_171_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000177894.05495.54"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_172_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000117571.76197.26"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_173_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.109.553891"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_174_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000233887.17638.d0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_175_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.109.927046"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_176_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0b013e3181f7d043"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_177_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011258"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_178_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0805002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_179_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(09)71300-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_180_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2007.08.125"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_181_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195372922.003.0002","volume-title":"Principles & Practice of Public Health Surveillance","author":"Teutsch SM","year":"2010","unstructured":"Teutsch SM. Considerations in planning a surveillance system. In: , Lee L, Teutsch S, Thacker S, St. Louis M, eds. Principles & Practice of Public Health Surveillance. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2010:18\u201343.","edition":"3"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1161\/str.0000000000000205","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,22]],"date-time":"2019-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563753600000}}],"container-title":["Stroke"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/STR.0b013e318296aeca","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T09:48:11Z","timestamp":1738057691000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/STR.0b013e318296aeca"}},"subtitle":["A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"references-count":180,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/STR.0b013e318296aeca"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/str.0b013e318296aeca","relation":{},"ISSN":["0039-2499","1524-4628"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0039-2499","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4628","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-05-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}