{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T02:06:57Z","timestamp":1776910017520,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Background and Purpose\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            Stimulation of the nerves traversing the ethmoidal foramen (including postsynaptic, parasympathetic projections from the sphenopalatine ganglion [SPG], henceforth referred to as \u201cSPG-stimulation\u201d) has been shown to elevate cerebral blood flow (CBF) and to be neuroprotective after permanent, middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO).\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Methods\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            Employing diffusion (DWI)- and perfusion (PWI) weighted MRI, the effect of SPG-stimulation (started at 60 minutes post-MCAO) on the spatiotemporal evolution of ischemia during and after pMCAO was investigated. In an additional experiment, regional CBF changes were investigated in the nonischemic brain.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Results\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            In the nonischemic brain, SPG stimulation significantly elevated CBF predominantly within areas supplied by the anterior cerebral artery (by 0.64 mL\/g\/min relative to baseline). In the ischemic brain, CBF only marginally increased within the penumbra and core (by up to 0.08 and 0.15 mL\/g\/min relative to prestimulation, respectively). However, the threshold-derived CBF lesion volume did not change significantly. Penumbral apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)-values improved to almost baseline values and the threshold derived ADC\/CBF-mismatch was preserved up to 180 minutes after MCAO. TTC-derived lesion volumes were significantly smaller in stimulated versus nonstimulated animals (120.4\u00b174.1 mm\n            <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n            versus 239.3\u00b168.5 mm\n            <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n            , respectively).\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Conclusion\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            This study demonstrates that unilateral SPG-stimulation increases CBF bilaterally within the normal brain, acutely preserves the CBF\/ADC mismatch largely independent of altering cerebral blood flow, and reduces infarct size in the rat permanent suture model.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.107.485581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,31]],"date-time":"2007-08-31T01:15:25Z","timestamp":1188522925000},"page":"2779-2786","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Stimulating Circle of Willis Nerve Fibers Preserves the Diffusion-Perfusion Mismatch in Experimental Stroke"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Nils","family":"Henninger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Internal Medicine (N.H.) and Neurology (N.H., M.F.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Internal Medicine (N.H.) and Neurology (N.H., M.F.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.42.2.289"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000182100.65262.46"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00690.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1990.68"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1988.145"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(99)00557-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2004.09.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2005.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"728.","volume":"37","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yarnitsky D, Lorian A, Dayan A, Avnon Y, Krakovsky M, Lamensdorf I. 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