{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T18:48:12Z","timestamp":1772131692145,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Background and Purpose\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            The purpose of this study was to prospectively investigate the contribution of the ipsilateral external carotid artery (ECA) to cerebral perfusion in patients with internal carotid artery occlusion.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Methods\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            Institutional Review Board approval and informed consent were obtained. Thirty functionally independent patients (24 men, 6 women; mean age, 63 years) with an angiographically proven unilateral internal carotid artery occlusion and transient or minor disabling ischemic attacks ipsilateral to the side of the internal carotid artery occlusion were included. Grading of ECA collateral flow was performed with intraarterial digital subtraction angiography. The contribution of the ECA to regional cerebral blood flow was assessed with selective arterial spin labeling MRI. Differences in regional cerebral blood flow were analyzed with Student\n            <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n            test.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Results\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            Twenty percent of the patients had ECA Grade 0 collateral flow (no filling of ophthalmic artery), 20% Grade 1 (filling of carotid siphon), and 60% Grade 2 (filling of anterior and\/or middle cerebral artery) as demonstrated on digital subtraction angiography. Although in the Grade 1 group, the ECA supplied a smaller region of the brain compared with the Grade 2 group, the mean regional cerebral blood flow of the perfusion territory supplied by the ECA is similar (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            =0.70) in the Grade 1 group (mean\u00b1SD 57\u00b116 mL\/min\/100 g) and the Grade 2 group (60\u00b112 mL\/min\/100g).\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Conclusion\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            In patients with symptomatic internal carotid artery occlusion, focal brain regions may strongly depend on the contribution to cerebral perfusion of the ECA ipsilateral to the side of the internal carotid artery occlusion, even in patients with limited ECA collateral supply as demonstrated on digital subtraction angiography.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.108.514265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,8]],"date-time":"2008-08-08T01:49:25Z","timestamp":1218160165000},"page":"3003-3008","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Assessment of the Contribution of the External Carotid Artery to Brain Perfusion in Patients With Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Peter Jan","family":"van Laar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Radiology (P.J.v.L, J.v.d.G., J.H.) and Neurology (J.P.B., C.J.M.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; the Department of Radiology (P.J.v.L.), Meander Medical Center Amersfoort, Amersfoort, The Netherlands; and the Department of Radiology (J.v.d.G.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeroen","family":"van der Grond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Radiology (P.J.v.L, J.v.d.G., J.H.) and Neurology (J.P.B., C.J.M.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; the Department of Radiology (P.J.v.L.), Meander Medical Center Amersfoort, Amersfoort, The Netherlands; and the Department of Radiology (J.v.d.G.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jochem P.","family":"Bremmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Radiology (P.J.v.L, J.v.d.G., J.H.) and Neurology (J.P.B., C.J.M.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; the Department of Radiology (P.J.v.L.), Meander Medical Center Amersfoort, Amersfoort, The Netherlands; and the Department of Radiology (J.v.d.G.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catharina J.M.","family":"Klijn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Radiology (P.J.v.L, J.v.d.G., J.H.) and Neurology (J.P.B., C.J.M.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; the Department of Radiology (P.J.v.L.), Meander Medical Center Amersfoort, Amersfoort, The Netherlands; and the Department of Radiology (J.v.d.G.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeroen","family":"Hendrikse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Radiology (P.J.v.L, J.v.d.G., J.H.) and Neurology (J.P.B., C.J.M.K.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; the Department of Radiology (P.J.v.L.), Meander Medical Center Amersfoort, Amersfoort, The Netherlands; and the Department of Radiology (J.v.d.G.), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410290302"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000086465.41263.06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410440206"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.32.7.1552"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2005.080978"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.27.2.296"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.040261"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000128697.52150.75"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.31.1.128"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000120312.26163.ec"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.20.6.2728057"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522-2586(199903)9:3<454::AID-JMRI14>3.0.CO;2-B"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199907000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.1073"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","first-page":"55L219","year":"2006","unstructured":"Petersen ET, Lim T, Golay X. 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