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General anesthetics profoundly impair thermoregulatory control, but prolonged general anesthesia is rarely practical or appropriate. A variety of other drugs have therefore been evaluated. Most opioids only slightly impair thermoregulatory defenses, but meperidine is considerably more effective than equipotent doses of other opioids. The central \u03b1-2 agonists clonidine and dexmedetomidine are also useful. However, the best overall approach to inducing thermal tolerance appears to be a combination of buspirone and meperidine, which reduces the core temperature triggering shivering to about 33.5\u00b0C in doses that maintain adequate ventilation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.108.520858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,14]],"date-time":"2009-08-14T02:00:47Z","timestamp":1250215247000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Defeating Normal Thermoregulatory Defenses"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Daniel I.","family":"Sessler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Outcomes Research, The Cleveland Clinic, Ohio."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199310000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2006.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.106.475897"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0b013e3180311e60"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00980.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012689"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200102223440803"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa040975"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mayer SA Sessler DI. 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