{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:54:36Z","timestamp":1791237276072,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Background and Purpose\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            In a murine model of stroke, we identified a population of very small embryonic-like (VSEL) stem cells (SCs) in adult murine bone marrow that could be mobilized into peripheral blood (PB). This raised the question of whether a similar population of cells is mobilized in human stroke patients.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Methods\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            We evaluated a number of cells that corresponded to VSEL SCs in the PB of 44 stroke patients and 22 age-matched controls. After each patient\u2019s stroke, PB samples were harvested during the first 24 hours, on day +3, and on day +7 and then compared with normal controls. The circulating human cells with the phenotype of VSEL SCs were evaluated in PB by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, and direct immunofluorescence staining. In parallel, we also measured the serum concentration of stromal derived factor-1 by ELISA.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Results\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            In stroke patients, we found an increase in the number of circulating cells expressing SC-associated antigens, such as CD133, CD34, and CXCR4. More important, we found an increase in the number of circulating primitive cells expressing the VSEL phenotype (CXCR4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            lin\n            <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            CD45\n            <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            small cells), mRNA for Octamer-4 and Nanog, and Octamer-4 protein. All changes were accompanied by an increased serum concentration of stromal derived factor-1. Additionally, we found a positive correlation between stroke extensiveness, stromal derived factor-1 concentration in serum, and the number of CXCR4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            VSEL SCs circulating in the PB.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            We conclude that stroke triggers the mobilization of CXCR4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            VSEL SCs that have potential prognostic value in stroke patients. However, the potential role of these mobilized cells in brain regeneration requires further study.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.108.535062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,27]],"date-time":"2009-02-27T02:58:37Z","timestamp":1235703517000},"page":"1237-1244","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":166,"title":["Clinical Evidence That Very Small Embryonic-Like Stem Cells Are Mobilized Into Peripheral Blood in Patients After Stroke"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Edyta","family":"Paczkowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Physiopathology (E.P., M.H., M.Z.R., B.M.), Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center (M.K., M.Z.R.), University of Louisville, Louisville, Ky; and the Clinic of Neurology (D.K., A.K., M.N., P.N.), Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry (K.S.), and Department of Pathology (M.M.), Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magda","family":"Kucia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Physiopathology (E.P., M.H., M.Z.R., B.M.), Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center (M.K., M.Z.R.), University of Louisville, Louisville, Ky; and the Clinic of Neurology (D.K., A.K., M.N., P.N.), Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry (K.S.), and Department of Pathology (M.M.), Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorota","family":"Koziarska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Physiopathology (E.P., M.H., M.Z.R., B.M.), Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center (M.K., M.Z.R.), University of Louisville, Louisville, Ky; and the Clinic of Neurology (D.K., A.K., M.N., P.N.), Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry (K.S.), and Department of Pathology (M.M.), Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Halasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Physiopathology (E.P., M.H., M.Z.R., B.M.), Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center (M.K., M.Z.R.), University of Louisville, Louisville, Ky; and the Clinic of Neurology (D.K., A.K., M.N., P.N.), Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry (K.S.), and Department of Pathology (M.M.), Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Safranow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Physiopathology (E.P., M.H., M.Z.R., B.M.), Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center (M.K., M.Z.R.), University of Louisville, Louisville, Ky; and the Clinic of Neurology (D.K., A.K., M.N., P.N.), Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry (K.S.), and Department of Pathology (M.M.), Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Masiuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Physiopathology (E.P., M.H., M.Z.R., B.M.), Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center (M.K., M.Z.R.), University of Louisville, Louisville, Ky; and the Clinic of Neurology (D.K., A.K., M.N., P.N.), Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry (K.S.), and Department of Pathology (M.M.), Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Karbicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Physiopathology (E.P., M.H., M.Z.R., B.M.), Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center (M.K., M.Z.R.), University of Louisville, Louisville, Ky; and the Clinic of Neurology (D.K., A.K., M.N., P.N.), Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry (K.S.), and Department of Pathology (M.M.), Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Nowik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Physiopathology (E.P., M.H., M.Z.R., B.M.), Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center (M.K., M.Z.R.), University of Louisville, Louisville, Ky; and the Clinic of Neurology (D.K., A.K., M.N., P.N.), Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry (K.S.), and Department of Pathology (M.M.), Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Przemyslaw","family":"Nowacki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Physiopathology (E.P., M.H., M.Z.R., B.M.), Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center (M.K., M.Z.R.), University of Louisville, Louisville, Ky; and the Clinic of Neurology (D.K., A.K., M.N., P.N.), Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry (K.S.), and Department of Pathology (M.M.), Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariusz Z.","family":"Ratajczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Physiopathology (E.P., M.H., M.Z.R., B.M.), Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center (M.K., M.Z.R.), University of Louisville, Louisville, Ky; and the Clinic of Neurology (D.K., A.K., M.N., P.N.), Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry (K.S.), and Department of Pathology (M.M.), Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boguslaw","family":"Machalin\u0301ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Physiopathology (E.P., M.H., M.Z.R., B.M.), Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center (M.K., M.Z.R.), University of Louisville, Louisville, Ky; and the Clinic of Neurology (D.K., A.K., M.N., P.N.), Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry (K.S.), and Department of Pathology (M.M.), Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOT.0b013e3282f42473"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-007-0716-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.LAB.0000027841.50269.61"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000147609.39780.02"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.103.23.2776"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5417.1168"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.00275.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.3.1916"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000141681.06735.9b"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.105.563668"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"52","volume":"86","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mendonca ML, Freitas GR, Silva SA, Manfrim A, Falcao CH, Gonzales C, Andre C, Dohmann HF, Borojevic R, Otero RM. 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