{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:53:05Z","timestamp":1790142785512,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Background and Purpose\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            Intracerebral hemorrhage volume (ICHV) as a percentage of total brain volume (TBV) is a strong predictor of outcome in childhood intracerebral hemorrhage with ICHV\/TBV &gt;2% associated with functional impairment. We aimed to determine whether easily performed approximations of intracerebral hemorrhage and brain volume can accurately and reliably stratify intracerebral hemorrhage by size.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Methods\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            CT scans of 18 children with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage were independently reviewed by 4 neurologists. ICHV as a proportion of TBV was estimated as ABC\/XYZ expressed as a percentage: A= largest axial hemorrhage diameter; B=largest axial diameter perpendicular to A on the same slice; and C=hemorrhage vertical diameter. Similarly, X=largest midline axial diameter of supratentorial brain; Y=largest axial diameter perpendicular to X; and Z=brain vertical diameter. Interrater reliability was measured with intraclass correlation coefficients. ICHV and TBV were measured using computer-assisted manual segmentation tracings to establish criterion validity. Each intracerebral hemorrhage was classified as small (\u22642% TBV) or large (&gt;2% TBV).\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Results\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            Estimates of ICHV, TBV, and ICHV\/TBV using the ABC\/XYZ method had outstanding interrater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.95 to 0.99). These estimates were highly correlated with volumetric measures (\n            <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n            =0.77 to 0.96). Sensitivity of the ABC\/XYZ method for identifying an ICHV &gt;2% TBV was 100% (95% CI, 89% to 100%). Specificity was 95% (95% CI, 83% to 99%).\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            The ABC\/XYZ method accurately and reliably estimates ICHV and TBV in children. These values can be used to approximate quickly and easily ICHV as a percentage of TBV, which has important prognostic implications.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.109.566430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,25]],"date-time":"2010-02-25T04:21:53Z","timestamp":1267071713000},"page":"691-694","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["ABC\/XYZ Estimates Intracerebral Hemorrhage Volume as a Percent of Total Brain Volume in Children"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Lauren A.","family":"Beslow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Divisions of Neurology (L.A.B., R.N.I., D.J.L., S.E.S.) and Neurosurgery (P.B.S.), The Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa; the Department of Neurology (S.E.K., M.T.M., S.R.M.), The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa; and the Department of Neurology and Division of Pediatric Neurology (L.C.J.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca N.","family":"Ichord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Divisions of Neurology (L.A.B., R.N.I., D.J.L., S.E.S.) and Neurosurgery (P.B.S.), The Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa; the Department of Neurology (S.E.K., M.T.M., S.R.M.), The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa; and the Department of Neurology and Division of Pediatric Neurology (L.C.J.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott E.","family":"Kasner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Divisions of Neurology (L.A.B., R.N.I., D.J.L., S.E.S.) and Neurosurgery (P.B.S.), The Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa; the Department of Neurology (S.E.K., M.T.M., S.R.M.), The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa; and the Department of Neurology and Division of Pediatric Neurology (L.C.J.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael T.","family":"Mullen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Divisions of Neurology (L.A.B., R.N.I., D.J.L., S.E.S.) and Neurosurgery (P.B.S.), The Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa; the Department of Neurology (S.E.K., M.T.M., S.R.M.), The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa; and the Department of Neurology and Division of Pediatric Neurology (L.C.J.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Licht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Divisions of Neurology (L.A.B., R.N.I., D.J.L., S.E.S.) and Neurosurgery (P.B.S.), The Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa; the Department of Neurology (S.E.K., M.T.M., S.R.M.), The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa; and the Department of Neurology and Division of Pediatric Neurology (L.C.J.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina E.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Divisions of Neurology (L.A.B., R.N.I., D.J.L., S.E.S.) and Neurosurgery (P.B.S.), The Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa; the Department of Neurology (S.E.K., M.T.M., S.R.M.), The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa; and the Department of Neurology and Division of Pediatric Neurology (L.C.J.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip B.","family":"Storm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Divisions of Neurology (L.A.B., R.N.I., D.J.L., S.E.S.) and Neurosurgery (P.B.S.), The Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa; the Department of Neurology (S.E.K., M.T.M., S.R.M.), The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa; and the Department of Neurology and Division of Pediatric Neurology (L.C.J.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lori C.","family":"Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Divisions of Neurology (L.A.B., R.N.I., D.J.L., S.E.S.) and Neurosurgery (P.B.S.), The Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa; the Department of Neurology (S.E.K., M.T.M., S.R.M.), The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa; and the Department of Neurology and Division of Pediatric Neurology (L.C.J.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven R.","family":"Messe\u0301","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Divisions of Neurology (L.A.B., R.N.I., D.J.L., S.E.S.) and Neurosurgery (P.B.S.), The Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa; the Department of Neurology (S.E.K., M.T.M., S.R.M.), The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa; and the Department of Neurology and Division of Pediatric Neurology (L.C.J.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.32.4.891"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.107.512202"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.106.478222"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.108.541383"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beslow LA Licht DJ Smith SE Storm PB Heuer GG Zimmerman RA Feiler AM Kasner SE Ichord RN Jordan LC. Predictors of outcome in childhood intracerebral hemorrhage: a prospective consecutive cohort study. Stroke. 2009 Dec 17 [Epub ahead of print].","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.568071"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.24.7.8322400"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.27.8.1304"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","unstructured":"Fleiss JL. Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1981."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-008-9089-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000198806.67472.5c"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02841850802647039"}],"container-title":["Stroke"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.566430","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T14:02:13Z","timestamp":1715608933000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.566430"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.566430"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/strokeaha.109.566430","relation":{},"ISSN":["0039-2499","1524-4628"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0039-2499","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4628","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2009-08-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2009-12-03","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2010-02-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}