{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T03:22:25Z","timestamp":1792293745397,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Background and Purpose\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            The purposes of this study were to describe features of children with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and to determine predictors of short-term outcome in a single-center prospective cohort study.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Methods\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            A single-center prospective consecutive cohort study was conducted of spontaneous ICH in children aged 1 to 18 years from January 2006 to June 2008. Exclusion criteria were inciting trauma; intracranial tumor; isolated epidural, subdural, intraventricular, or subarachnoid hemorrhage; hemorrhagic transformation of ischemic stroke; and cerebral sinovenous thrombosis. Hospitalization records were abstracted. Follow-up assessments included outcome scores using the Pediatric Stroke Outcome Measure and King\u2019s Outcome Scale for Childhood Head Injury. ICH volumes and total brain volumes were measured by manual tracing.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Results\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            Twenty-two patients, median age 10.3 years (range, 4.2 to 16.6 years), had presenting symptoms of headache in 77%, focal deficits 50%, altered mental status 50%, and seizures 41%. Vascular malformations caused hemorrhage in 91%. Surgical treatment (hematoma evacuation, lesion embolization or excision) was performed during acute hospitalization in 50%. One patient died acutely. At a median follow-up of 3.5 months (range, 0.3 to 7.5 months), 71% of survivors had neurological deficits; 55% had clinically significant disability. Outcome based on Pediatric Stroke Outcome Measure and King\u2019s Outcome Scale for Childhood Head Injury scores was worse in patients with ICH volume &gt;2% of total brain volume (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            =0.023) and altered mental status at presentation (\n            <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n            =0.005).\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>\n              <jats:italic>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:italic>\n            <\/jats:bold>\n            Spontaneous childhood ICH was due mostly to vascular malformations. Acute surgical intervention was commonly performed. Although death was rare, 71% of survivors had persisting neurological deficits. Larger ICH volume and altered mental status predicted clinically significant disability.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.109.568071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,18]],"date-time":"2009-12-18T07:56:08Z","timestamp":1261122968000},"page":"313-318","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":142,"title":["Predictors of Outcome in Childhood Intracerebral Hemorrhage"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Lauren A.","family":"Beslow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Divisions of Neurology (L.A.B., D.J.L., S.E.S., A.M.F., R.N.I.), Neurosurgery (P.B.S., G.G.H.), and Neuroradiology (R.A.Z.), The Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa; the Department of Neurology (S.E.K.), The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; and the Department of Neurology (L.C.J.), Division of Pediatric Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Licht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Divisions of Neurology (L.A.B., D.J.L., S.E.S., A.M.F., R.N.I.), Neurosurgery (P.B.S., G.G.H.), and Neuroradiology (R.A.Z.), The Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa; the Department of Neurology (S.E.K.), The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; and the Department of Neurology (L.C.J.), Division of Pediatric Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina E.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Divisions of Neurology (L.A.B., D.J.L., S.E.S., A.M.F., R.N.I.), Neurosurgery (P.B.S., G.G.H.), and Neuroradiology (R.A.Z.), The Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa; the Department of Neurology (S.E.K.), The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; and the Department of Neurology (L.C.J.), Division of Pediatric Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip B.","family":"Storm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Divisions of Neurology (L.A.B., D.J.L., S.E.S., A.M.F., R.N.I.), Neurosurgery (P.B.S., G.G.H.), and Neuroradiology (R.A.Z.), The Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa; the Department of Neurology (S.E.K.), The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; and the Department of Neurology (L.C.J.), Division of Pediatric Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory G.","family":"Heuer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Divisions of Neurology (L.A.B., D.J.L., S.E.S., A.M.F., R.N.I.), Neurosurgery (P.B.S., G.G.H.), and Neuroradiology (R.A.Z.), The Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa; the Department of Neurology (S.E.K.), The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; and the Department of Neurology (L.C.J.), Division of Pediatric Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Zimmerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Divisions of Neurology (L.A.B., D.J.L., S.E.S., A.M.F., R.N.I.), Neurosurgery (P.B.S., G.G.H.), and Neuroradiology (R.A.Z.), The Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa; the Department of Neurology (S.E.K.), The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; and the Department of Neurology (L.C.J.), Division of Pediatric Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alana M.","family":"Feiler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Divisions of Neurology (L.A.B., D.J.L., S.E.S., A.M.F., R.N.I.), Neurosurgery (P.B.S., G.G.H.), and Neuroradiology (R.A.Z.), The Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa; the Department of Neurology (S.E.K.), The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; and the Department of Neurology (L.C.J.), Division of Pediatric Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott E.","family":"Kasner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Divisions of Neurology (L.A.B., D.J.L., S.E.S., A.M.F., R.N.I.), Neurosurgery (P.B.S., G.G.H.), and Neuroradiology (R.A.Z.), The Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa; the Department of Neurology (S.E.K.), The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; and the Department of Neurology (L.C.J.), Division of Pediatric Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca N.","family":"Ichord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Divisions of Neurology (L.A.B., D.J.L., S.E.S., A.M.F., R.N.I.), Neurosurgery (P.B.S., G.G.H.), and Neuroradiology (R.A.Z.), The Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa; the Department of Neurology (S.E.K.), The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; and the Department of Neurology (L.C.J.), Division of Pediatric Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lori C.","family":"Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Divisions of Neurology (L.A.B., D.J.L., S.E.S., A.M.F., R.N.I.), Neurosurgery (P.B.S., G.G.H.), and Neuroradiology (R.A.Z.), The Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa; the Department of Neurology (S.E.K.), The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; and the Department of Neurology (L.C.J.), Division of Pediatric Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000078894.79866.95"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(95)00039-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389300800308"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/088307380001500503"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2003.tb00337.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2008.502"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2006.09.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(03)00029-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.108.541383"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.32.4.891"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/str.24.7.8322400"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/088307380001500508"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.84.2.120"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200105103441907"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2008.02061.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000247281.98094.e2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073807299959"}],"container-title":["Stroke"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.568071","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T13:56:01Z","timestamp":1715608561000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.568071"}},"subtitle":["A Prospective Consecutive Cohort Study"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.568071"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/strokeaha.109.568071","relation":{},"ISSN":["0039-2499","1524-4628"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0039-2499","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4628","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2009-09-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2009-10-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2009-12-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}