{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T02:11:18Z","timestamp":1769220678588,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background and Purpose\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n              -nitrosylated hemoglobin (\n              <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n              -nitrosohemoglobin) has been implicated in the delivery of O\n              <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n              to tissues through the regulation of microvascular blood flow. This study tested the hypothesis that enhancement of\n              <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n              -nitrosylated hemoglobin by ethyl nitrite inhalation improves outcome after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              A preliminary dosing study identified 20 ppm ethyl nitrite as a concentration that produced a 4-fold increase in\n              <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n              -nitrosylated hemoglobin concentration with no increase in methemoglobin. Mice were subjected to endovascular perforation of the right anterior cerebral artery and were treated with 20 ppm ethyl nitrite in air, or air alone for 72 hours, after which neurologic function, cerebral vessel diameter, brain water content, cortical tissue P\n              <jats:sc>o<\/jats:sc>\n              <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n              , and parenchymal red blood cell flow velocity were measured.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              At 72 hours after hemorrhage, air- and ethyl nitrite\u2013exposed mice had similarly sized blood clots. Ethyl nitrite improved neurologic score and rotarod performance; abated SAH-induced constrictions in the ipsilateral anterior, middle cerebral, and internal carotid arteries; and prevented an increase in ipsilateral brain water content. Ethyl nitrite inhalation increased red blood cell flow velocity and cortical tissue P\n              <jats:sc>o<\/jats:sc>\n              <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n              in the ipsilateral cortex with no effect on systemic blood pressure.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Targeted\n              <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n              -nitrosylation of hemoglobin improved outcome parameters, including vessel diameter, tissue blood flow, cortical tissue P\n              <jats:sc>o<\/jats:sc>\n              <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n              , and neurologic function in a murine SAH model. Augmenting endogenous P\n              <jats:sc>o<\/jats:sc>\n              <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n              -dependent delivery of NO bioactivity to selectively dilate the compromised cerebral vasculature has significant clinical potential in the treatment of SAH.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.110.600569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,31]],"date-time":"2010-12-31T04:07:53Z","timestamp":1293768473000},"page":"471-476","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Pharmacologically Augmented\n            <i>S<\/i>\n            -Nitrosylated Hemoglobin Improves Recovery From Murine Subarachnoid Hemorrhage"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Huaxin","family":"Sheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Multidisciplinary Neuroprotection Laboratories, Departments of Anesthesiology (H.S., I.T.D., C.A.P., D.S.W.), Pediatrics (R.L.A.), Medicine (C.A.P.), Surgery (D.S.W.), and Neurobiology (D.S.W.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; and Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care (J.D.R.) and of Medicine (J.S.S.), Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James D.","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Multidisciplinary Neuroprotection Laboratories, Departments of Anesthesiology (H.S., I.T.D., C.A.P., D.S.W.), Pediatrics (R.L.A.), Medicine (C.A.P.), Surgery (D.S.W.), and Neurobiology (D.S.W.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; and Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care (J.D.R.) and of Medicine (J.S.S.), Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard L.","family":"Auten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Multidisciplinary Neuroprotection Laboratories, Departments of Anesthesiology (H.S., I.T.D., C.A.P., D.S.W.), Pediatrics (R.L.A.), Medicine (C.A.P.), Surgery (D.S.W.), and Neurobiology (D.S.W.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; and Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care (J.D.R.) and of Medicine (J.S.S.), Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivan T.","family":"Demchenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Multidisciplinary Neuroprotection Laboratories, Departments of Anesthesiology (H.S., I.T.D., C.A.P., D.S.W.), Pediatrics (R.L.A.), Medicine (C.A.P.), Surgery (D.S.W.), and Neurobiology (D.S.W.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; and Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care (J.D.R.) and of Medicine (J.S.S.), Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claude A.","family":"Piantadosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Multidisciplinary Neuroprotection Laboratories, Departments of Anesthesiology (H.S., I.T.D., C.A.P., D.S.W.), Pediatrics (R.L.A.), Medicine (C.A.P.), Surgery (D.S.W.), and Neurobiology (D.S.W.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; and Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care (J.D.R.) and of Medicine (J.S.S.), Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan S.","family":"Stamler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Multidisciplinary Neuroprotection Laboratories, Departments of Anesthesiology (H.S., I.T.D., C.A.P., D.S.W.), Pediatrics (R.L.A.), Medicine (C.A.P.), Surgery (D.S.W.), and Neurobiology (D.S.W.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; and Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care (J.D.R.) and of Medicine (J.S.S.), Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David S.","family":"Warner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Multidisciplinary Neuroprotection Laboratories, Departments of Anesthesiology (H.S., I.T.D., C.A.P., D.S.W.), Pediatrics (R.L.A.), Medicine (C.A.P.), Surgery (D.S.W.), and Neurobiology (D.S.W.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; and Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care (J.D.R.) and of Medicine (J.S.S.), Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.276.5321.2034"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.23.8.1111"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/174313208X284089"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157488707779318062"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1995.83.1.0118"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2005.103.4.0745"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000048188.88980.86"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000249212.96719.95"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35093117"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm718"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0901043106"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09385-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506957102"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-8062.2009.00154.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.30.4.867"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0611191104"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(99)01073-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200807-1186OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/016164102101200276"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000038986.68044.39"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.25.1.165"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2006.21.3.4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2008.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5654-07.2008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.26.6.1086"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.res.0000168740.04986.a7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","first-page":"307","article-title":"Therapeutic aspects of brain tissue Po\n                  2 monitoring after subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"81","author":"Vath A","year":"2002","unstructured":"Vath A, Kunze E, Roosen K, Meixensberger J . Therapeutic aspects of brain tissue Po2 monitoring after subarachnoid hemorrhage. 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Adverse cerebral events detected after subarachnoid hemorrhage using brain oxygen and microdialysis probes. 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