{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:55:16Z","timestamp":1787018116226,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Purpose\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a role in atherosclerosis-related diseases such as cerebrovascular or cardiovascular diseases. However, the effect of\n                      <jats:italic>VEGF<\/jats:italic>\n                      -2578C&gt;A, -1154G&gt;A, -634G&gt;C, and 936C&gt;T polymorphisms on the susceptibility to stroke and silent brain infarction has not been reported.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Using polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA,\n                      <jats:italic>VEGF<\/jats:italic>\n                      polymorphisms were analyzed in 615 patients with ischemic stroke, 376 patients with silent brain infarction, and 494 control subjects.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The AA and CC+CA (\n                      <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                      allele bearing) genotype frequencies of the -2578C&gt;A polymorphism and the CT+TT (\n                      <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                      allele-bearing) genotype frequency of the 936C&gt;T polymorphism were significantly different between the stroke and control groups (false discovery rate-adjusted probability values of 0.016, 0.044, and 0.044, respectively). When stratified by the size of the occluded vessel, the\n                      <jats:italic>VEGF<\/jats:italic>\n                      polymorphisms were associated with patients with multiple small-artery occlusions. Several haplotypes of the\n                      <jats:italic>VEGF<\/jats:italic>\n                      polymorphisms were significantly different between the control and stroke groups. With respect to silent brain infarction, the difference in the frequency of the -634G&gt;C polymorphism between the GC+CC (\n                      <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                      allele-bearing) genotype and the controls was marginally significant (false discovery rate-adjusted probability value of 0.056). On the other hand, the -634G&gt;C and 936C&gt;T polymorphisms were associated with plasma homocysteine levels of patients with multiple or single small-artery occlusions, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study suggests that\n                      <jats:italic>VEGF<\/jats:italic>\n                      polymorphisms and haplotypes are possible genetic determinants for the risk of ischemic stroke, particularly in patients with multiple small-artery occlusions. However,\n                      <jats:italic>VEGF<\/jats:italic>\n                      polymorphisms had only a weak association with plasma homocysteine levels in the Korean population.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.110.607739","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,8]],"date-time":"2011-07-08T11:17:41Z","timestamp":1310123861000},"page":"2393-2402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Association Between\n                    <i>VEGF<\/i>\n                    Polymorphisms and Homocysteine Levels in Patients With Ischemic Stroke and Silent Brain Infarction"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Ok Joon","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology (O.J.K., S.O.), The Institute for Clinical Research (K.T.M., D.O., N.K.K.), and the Department of Neurosurgery (T.G.K.), School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea; and the Department of Science Education (S.H.H.), Teachers College, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung Ho","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology (O.J.K., S.O.), The Institute for Clinical Research (K.T.M., D.O., N.K.K.), and the Department of Neurosurgery (T.G.K.), School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea; and the Department of Science Education (S.H.H.), Teachers College, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung Hun","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology (O.J.K., S.O.), The Institute for Clinical Research (K.T.M., D.O., N.K.K.), and the Department of Neurosurgery (T.G.K.), School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea; and the Department of Science Education (S.H.H.), Teachers College, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae Gon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology (O.J.K., S.O.), The Institute for Clinical Research (K.T.M., D.O., N.K.K.), and the Department of Neurosurgery (T.G.K.), School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea; and the Department of Science Education (S.H.H.), Teachers College, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung Tae","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology (O.J.K., S.O.), The Institute for Clinical Research (K.T.M., D.O., N.K.K.), and the Department of Neurosurgery (T.G.K.), School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea; and the Department of Science Education (S.H.H.), Teachers College, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doyeun","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology (O.J.K., S.O.), The Institute for Clinical Research (K.T.M., D.O., N.K.K.), and the Department of Neurosurgery (T.G.K.), School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea; and the Department of Science Education (S.H.H.), Teachers College, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nam Keun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology (O.J.K., S.O.), The Institute for Clinical Research (K.T.M., D.O., N.K.K.), and the Department of Neurosurgery (T.G.K.), School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea; and the Department of Science Education (S.H.H.), Teachers College, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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