{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T19:25:22Z","timestamp":1785785122886,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background and Purpose\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to assess the association of vitamin D deficiency and indices of mineral metabolism with subclinical carotid markers that predict cardiovascular events.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Two hundred three community-dwelling adults (Northern Manhattan Study; age, 68\u00b111; age range, 50 to 93 years) had serum measurements (calcium, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone) and carotid ultrasound (plaque presence, number, maximal carotid plaque thickness, intima-media thickness).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors, plaque number was associated with phosphorus levels (\u03b2=0.39 per 1-mg\/dL increase;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.02) and calcium\u2013phosphorus product (\u03b2=0.36 per 10-U increase;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.03). In those with plaque (N=116 [57%]), the association of plaque number with phosphorus and calcium\u2013phosphorus product persisted. In addition, 25-hydroxyvitamin D was inversely associated with both intima-media thickness (\u03b2=\u22120.01 per 10-ng\/mL increase;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.05) and maximal carotid plaque thickness (\u03b2=\u22120.10 per 10-ng\/mL increase;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.03). In a model containing traditional cardiac risk factors and indices of mineral metabolism, 25-hydroxyvitamin D accounted for 13% of the variance in both intima-media thickness and maximal carotid plaque thickness. Calcium, parathyroid hormone, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels were not associated with carotid measures.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>After adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors and renal function, serum phosphorus and calcium\u2013phosphorus product were associated with a greater burden of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis. Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were associated with increased intima-media thickness and maximal carotid plaque thickness in those with plaque, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D contributed in a robust manner to the variance in both. These results confirm and extend data on the association of low vitamin D levels with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis. The precise nature of this association and the optimum levels of vitamin D for vascular health remain to be elucidated.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.110.608539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,1]],"date-time":"2011-07-01T04:02:55Z","timestamp":1309492975000},"page":"2240-2245","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated With Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Angela L.","family":"Carrelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine (A.L.C., M.D.W., H.L., D.J.M., S.J.S.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY; and the Department of Neurology (T.R., R.L.S.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcella D.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine (A.L.C., M.D.W., H.L., D.J.M., S.J.S.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY; and the Department of Neurology (T.R., R.L.S.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyesoo","family":"Lowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine (A.L.C., M.D.W., H.L., D.J.M., S.J.S.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY; and the Department of Neurology (T.R., R.L.S.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Don J.","family":"McMahon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine (A.L.C., M.D.W., H.L., D.J.M., S.J.S.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY; and the Department of Neurology (T.R., R.L.S.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatjana","family":"Rundek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine (A.L.C., M.D.W., H.L., D.J.M., S.J.S.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY; and the Department of Neurology (T.R., R.L.S.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph L.","family":"Sacco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine (A.L.C., M.D.W., H.L., D.J.M., S.J.S.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY; and the Department of Neurology (T.R., R.L.S.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shonni J.","family":"Silverberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine (A.L.C., M.D.W., H.L., D.J.M., S.J.S.), College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY; and the Department of Neurology (T.R., R.L.S.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901073400103"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000303969.63165.34"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.34.3.484"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(97)00104-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","first-page":"2149","article-title":"Serum calcium and survival in a large health screening program","volume":"81","author":"Leifsson BG","year":"1996","unstructured":"Leifsson BG, Ahr\u00e9n B. 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