{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T04:32:04Z","timestamp":1784089924380,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background and Purpose\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Central retinal artery occlusion is caused by a platelet-fibrin thrombus or embolic occlusion and is a stroke of the eye. Observational studies suggest that thrombolytics may restore ocular perfusion and visual function. We hypothesized that intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) administered within 24 hours of symptom onset might restore ocular perfusion and visual function.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A placebo-controlled, randomized trial of intravenous tPA versus intravenous saline was performed in patients with clinically defined central retinal artery occlusion within 24 hours of symptom onset. tPA was administered at a total dose of 0.9 mg\/kg, with 10% given as a 1-minute bolus and the remainder over 1 hour. An improvement of visual acuity of 3 lines or more was considered significant.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Twenty-five percent (2 of 8) of the tPA group experienced the primary outcome at 1 week after tPA versus none of the placebo group. One patient had an intracranial hemorrhage. The visual acuity improvement of these 2 patients was not sustained at 6 months. In both patients, tPA was administered within 6 hours of symptom onset.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Although essentially a negative study, it does add to the evidence base of reperfusion in central retinal artery occlusion by showing that the time window for intervention is likely to be &lt;6 hours. Reocclusion is a potential problem and may require adjuvant anticoagulation. Future studies should concentrate on determining the efficacy of thrombolytics in the &lt;6-hour time window.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Clinical Trial Registration\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              URL:\n              <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.anzctr.org.au\">http:\/\/www.anzctr.org.au<\/jats:ext-link>\n              . Unique identifier: 83102.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.111.613653","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,15]],"date-time":"2011-07-15T03:41:04Z","timestamp":1310701264000},"page":"2229-2234","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":137,"title":["Efficacy of Intravenous Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator in Central Retinal Artery Occlusion"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Celia S.","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Ophthalmology (C.S.C., T.L.) and Flinders Comprehensive Stroke Centre (A.W.L.), Flinders Medical Centre and University, Bedford Park; Department of Neurology (B.C., M.P.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital (M.P.), East Melbourne; Save Sight Institute (C.F., J.G.), University of Sydney, Sydney; and the Stroke Unit (R.M.), St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew W.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Ophthalmology (C.S.C., T.L.) and Flinders Comprehensive Stroke Centre (A.W.L.), Flinders Medical Centre and University, Bedford Park; Department of Neurology (B.C., M.P.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital (M.P.), East Melbourne; Save Sight Institute (C.F., J.G.), University of Sydney, Sydney; and the Stroke Unit (R.M.), St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Ophthalmology (C.S.C., T.L.) and Flinders Comprehensive Stroke Centre (A.W.L.), Flinders Medical Centre and University, Bedford Park; Department of Neurology (B.C., M.P.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital (M.P.), East Melbourne; Save Sight Institute (C.F., J.G.), University of Sydney, Sydney; and the Stroke Unit (R.M.), St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tien","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Ophthalmology (C.S.C., T.L.) and Flinders Comprehensive Stroke Centre (A.W.L.), Flinders Medical Centre and University, Bedford Park; Department of Neurology (B.C., M.P.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital (M.P.), East Melbourne; Save Sight Institute (C.F., J.G.), University of Sydney, Sydney; and the Stroke Unit (R.M.), St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Paine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Ophthalmology (C.S.C., T.L.) and Flinders Comprehensive Stroke Centre (A.W.L.), Flinders Medical Centre and University, Bedford Park; Department of Neurology (B.C., M.P.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital (M.P.), East Melbourne; Save Sight Institute (C.F., J.G.), University of Sydney, Sydney; and the Stroke Unit (R.M.), St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clare","family":"Fraser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Ophthalmology (C.S.C., T.L.) and Flinders Comprehensive Stroke Centre (A.W.L.), Flinders Medical Centre and University, Bedford Park; Department of Neurology (B.C., M.P.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital (M.P.), East Melbourne; Save Sight Institute (C.F., J.G.), University of Sydney, Sydney; and the Stroke Unit (R.M.), St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Grigg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Ophthalmology (C.S.C., T.L.) and Flinders Comprehensive Stroke Centre (A.W.L.), Flinders Medical Centre and University, Bedford Park; Department of Neurology (B.C., M.P.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital (M.P.), East Melbourne; Save Sight Institute (C.F., J.G.), University of Sydney, Sydney; and the Stroke Unit (R.M.), St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romesh","family":"Markus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Ophthalmology (C.S.C., T.L.) and Flinders Comprehensive Stroke Centre (A.W.L.), Flinders Medical Centre and University, Bedford Park; Department of Neurology (B.C., M.P.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville; Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital (M.P.), East Melbourne; Save Sight Institute (C.F., J.G.), University of Sydney, Sydney; and the Stroke Unit (R.M.), St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(99)00359-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00055735-200306000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.03.038"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001989.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.03.061"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","first-page":"1301","article-title":"Prognosis of central retinal artery occlusion: local intra-arterial fibrinolysis versus conservative treatment","volume":"23","author":"Schmidt DP","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schmidt DP, Schulte-Monting J, Schumacher M. Prognosis of central retinal artery occlusion: local intra-arterial fibrinolysis versus conservative treatment. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2002;23:1301\u20131307.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(95)30758-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.64.12.913"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.192535"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.037135"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.84.8.914"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0b013e31814b1f66"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-4949.2010.00545.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(80)35283-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)90165-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","first-page":"1234","article-title":"Intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator thrombolysis in treatment of central retinal artery occlusion","volume":"120","author":"Kattah JC","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kattah JC, Wang DZ, Reddy C. Intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator thrombolysis in treatment of central retinal artery occlusion. Arch Ophthalmol. 2002;120:1234\u20131236.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-005-0140-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","first-page":"65","article-title":"GISSI-2: a factorial randomised trial of alteplase versus streptokinase and heparin versus no heparin among 12 490 patients with acute myocardial infarction","volume":"336","author":"The GISSI Study Group","year":"1990","unstructured":"The GISSI Study Group. GISSI-2: a factorial randomised trial of alteplase versus streptokinase and heparin versus no heparin among 12 490 patients with acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1990;336:65\u201371.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000103110"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2007.133371"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60149-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.107.505404"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.192218"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.108.518415"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)15692-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1160\/TH08-03-0174"}],"container-title":["Stroke"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.613653","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T13:58:02Z","timestamp":1715608682000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.613653"}},"subtitle":["Report From a Randomized, Controlled Trial"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.613653"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/strokeaha.111.613653","relation":{},"ISSN":["0039-2499","1524-4628"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0039-2499","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4628","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2011-01-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-02-08","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-07-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}