{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:34:46Z","timestamp":1791297286437,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background and Purpose\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Time-dependent effects of antipsychotics on risk of stroke and potential effect modification by age have not been fully investigated. A case\u2013case\u2013time\u2013control design uses within- and between-case comparisons to evaluate short-term effects at the same time as adjusting for unmeasured time-invariant confounders and exposure-time trends.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We conducted a case\u2013case\u2013time\u2013control design study using data from the Veterans Health Administration. Veterans with inpatient hospitalizations for ischemic stroke between 2002 and 2007 were included. For every stroke case, the \u201ccurrent\u201d exposure period was defined as 1 to 30 days before hospitalization and the \u201creference\u201d period as 91 to 120 days before hospitalization. Exposure during the current period was compared with exposure during the reference period within cases. Exposure-time trend-adjusted estimates of the effect of antipsychotic exposure on risk of stroke were obtained by dividing exposure odds for antipsychotic exposure by average exposure odds for other medications over the same time period among the same cases.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>After adjusting for exposure-time trends, odds of stroke were 1.8 (95% CI, (1.7\u20131.9) times higher when exposed to antipsychotics than when unexposed. Age-stratified estimates suggest a greater triggering effect of antipsychotics among older patients.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Exposure to antipsychotics may be a proximal trigger for stroke. Elevation in risk is apparent after brief exposure to antipsychotics.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.111.617191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,28]],"date-time":"2011-10-28T03:00:46Z","timestamp":1319770846000},"page":"28-31","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Age, Antipsychotics, and the Risk of Ischemic Stroke in the Veterans Health Administration"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Shirley","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics (S.W.), Department of Medicine at Brigham &amp; Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; the Department of Community Health (C.L., D.D., V.M., S.B.), Brown University, Providence, RI; the Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics (M.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and the Department of Epidemiology (M.M.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Crystal","family":"Linkletter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics (S.W.), Department of Medicine at Brigham &amp; Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; the Department of Community Health (C.L., D.D., V.M., S.B.), Brown University, Providence, RI; the Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics (M.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and the Department of Epidemiology (M.M.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Dore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics (S.W.), Department of Medicine at Brigham &amp; Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; the Department of Community Health (C.L., D.D., V.M., S.B.), Brown University, Providence, RI; the Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics (M.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and the Department of Epidemiology (M.M.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Mor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics (S.W.), Department of Medicine at Brigham &amp; Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; the Department of Community Health (C.L., D.D., V.M., S.B.), Brown University, Providence, RI; the Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics (M.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and the Department of Epidemiology (M.M.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Buka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics (S.W.), Department of Medicine at Brigham &amp; Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; the Department of Community Health (C.L., D.D., V.M., S.B.), Brown University, Providence, RI; the Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics (M.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and the Department of Epidemiology (M.M.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malcolm","family":"Maclure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics (S.W.), Department of Medicine at Brigham &amp; Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; the Department of Community Health (C.L., D.D., V.M., S.B.), Brown University, Providence, RI; the Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics (M.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and the Department of Epidemiology (M.M.), Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.300.4.379"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.yco.0000228762.40979.8f"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v69n0602"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200629100-00002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11319120-000000000-00000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610209008485"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a1673"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v69n0521"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v66n0901"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa052827"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e31815a882b"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e31821d09cd"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","first-page":"123","article-title":"State-specific mortality from sudden cardiac death\u2014United States, 1999","volume":"51","year":"2002","unstructured":"State-specific mortality from sudden cardiac death\u2014United States, 1999. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2002;51:123\u2013126.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/106286069901400103"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.87.5.1442"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2009.60.9.1175"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","first-page":"281","article-title":"Stroke: who's counting what?","volume":"38","author":"Reker DM","year":"2001","unstructured":"Reker DM, Hamilton BB, Duncan PW, Yeh SC, Rosen A . Stroke: who's counting what? J Rehabil Res Dev. 2001;38:281\u2013289.","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","unstructured":"VA Information Resource Center; VIReC Research User Guide: VHA Decision Support System Clinical National Data Extracts. 2nd ed. Hines IL: US Department of Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Service VA Information Resource Center; 2009. http:\/\/www.virec.research.va.gov\/References\/RUG\/RUG-DSS-2nd-Ed-er.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115853"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199505000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(80)90363-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2008.09.017"}],"container-title":["Stroke"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.617191","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T14:05:21Z","timestamp":1715609121000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.617191"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.617191"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/strokeaha.111.617191","relation":{},"ISSN":["0039-2499","1524-4628"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0039-2499","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4628","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2011-02-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-06-10","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-10-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}