{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T06:44:22Z","timestamp":1773384262234,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background and Purpose\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Intracranial atherosclerotic disease is associated with a high risk of stroke recurrence. We aimed to determine accuracy of transcranial Doppler screening at laboratories that share the same standardized scanning protocol.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Patients with symptoms of cerebral ischemia were prospectively studied. Stroke Outcomes and Neuroimaging of Intracranial Atherosclerosis (SONIA) criteria were used for identification of \u226550% stenosis. We determined velocity cutoffs for \u226570% stenosis on digital subtraction angiography by Warfarin\u2013Aspirin Symptomatic Intracranial Disease criteria and evaluated novel stenotic\/prestenotic ratio and low-velocity criteria.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              A total of 102 patients with intracranial atherosclerotic disease (age 57\u00b113 years; 72% men; median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 3, interquartile range 6) provided 690 transcranial Doppler\/digital subtraction angiography vessel pairs. On digital subtraction angiography, \u226550% stenosis was found in 97 and \u226570% stenosis in 62 arteries. Predictive values for transcranial Doppler SONIA criteria were similar (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &gt;0.9) between middle cerebral artery (sensitivity 78%, specificity 93%, positive predictive value 73%, negative predictive value 94%, and overall accuracy 90%) and vertebral artery\/basilar artery (69%, 98%, 88%, 93%, and 92%). As a single velocity criterion, most sensitive mean flow velocity thresholds for \u226570% stenosis were: middle cerebral artery &gt;120 cm\/s (71%) and vertebral artery\/basilar artery &gt;110 cm\/s (55%). Optimal combined criteria for \u226570% stenosis were: middle cerebral artery &gt;120 cm\/s, or stenotic\/prestenotic ratio \u22653, or low velocity (sensitivity 91%, specificity 80%, receiver operating characteristic 0.858), and vertebral artery\/basilar artery &gt;110 cm\/s or stenotic\/prestenotic ratio \u22653 (60%, 95%, 0.769, respectively).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>At laboratories with a standardized scanning protocol, SONIA mean flow velocity criteria remain reliably predictive of \u226550% stenosis. Novel velocity\/ratio criteria for \u226570% stenosis increased sensitivity and showed good agreement with invasive angiography.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.111.621235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,30]],"date-time":"2011-09-30T11:52:01Z","timestamp":1317383521000},"page":"3429-3434","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":122,"title":["Velocity Criteria for Intracranial Stenosis Revisited"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Limin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Comprehensive Stroke Center (L.Z., K.B., G.T., L.F.C., K.C.A., A.V.A.), University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital, Birmingham, AL; Dresden University Stroke Center (K.B.), Department of Neurology, University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; the Division of Neurology (V.K.S., H.L.T., B.P.L.C.,), Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore; the Department of Neurology (G.T.), Democritus University of Thrace, School of Medicine, Alexandroupolis, Greece; the Second..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristian","family":"Barlinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Comprehensive Stroke Center (L.Z., K.B., G.T., L.F.C., K.C.A., A.V.A.), University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital, Birmingham, AL; Dresden University Stroke Center (K.B.), Department of Neurology, University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; the Division of Neurology (V.K.S., H.L.T., B.P.L.C.,), Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore; the Department of Neurology (G.T.), Democritus University of Thrace, School of Medicine, Alexandroupolis, Greece; the Second..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vijay K.","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Comprehensive Stroke Center (L.Z., K.B., G.T., L.F.C., K.C.A., A.V.A.), University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital, Birmingham, AL; Dresden University Stroke Center (K.B.), Department of Neurology, University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; the Division of Neurology (V.K.S., H.L.T., B.P.L.C.,), Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore; the Department of Neurology (G.T.), Democritus University of Thrace, School of Medicine, Alexandroupolis, Greece; the Second..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Tsivgoulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Comprehensive Stroke Center (L.Z., K.B., G.T., L.F.C., K.C.A., A.V.A.), University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital, Birmingham, AL; Dresden University Stroke Center (K.B.), Department of Neurology, University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; the Division of Neurology (V.K.S., H.L.T., B.P.L.C.,), Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore; the Department of Neurology (G.T.), Democritus University of Thrace, School of Medicine, Alexandroupolis, Greece; the Second..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis F.","family":"Cava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Comprehensive Stroke Center (L.Z., K.B., G.T., L.F.C., K.C.A., A.V.A.), University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital, Birmingham, AL; Dresden University Stroke Center (K.B.), Department of Neurology, University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; the Division of Neurology (V.K.S., H.L.T., B.P.L.C.,), Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore; the Department of Neurology (G.T.), Democritus University of Thrace, School of Medicine, Alexandroupolis, Greece; the Second..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Spyros N.","family":"Vasdekis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Comprehensive Stroke Center (L.Z., K.B., G.T., L.F.C., K.C.A., A.V.A.), University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital, Birmingham, AL; Dresden University Stroke Center (K.B.), Department of Neurology, University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; the Division of Neurology (V.K.S., H.L.T., B.P.L.C.,), Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore; the Department of Neurology (G.T.), Democritus University of Thrace, School of Medicine, Alexandroupolis, Greece; the Second..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hock Luen","family":"Teoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Comprehensive Stroke Center (L.Z., K.B., G.T., L.F.C., K.C.A., A.V.A.), University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital, Birmingham, AL; Dresden University Stroke Center (K.B.), Department of Neurology, University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; the Division of Neurology (V.K.S., H.L.T., B.P.L.C.,), Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore; the Department of Neurology (G.T.), Democritus University of Thrace, School of Medicine, Alexandroupolis, Greece; the Second..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikos","family":"Triantafyllou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Comprehensive Stroke Center (L.Z., K.B., G.T., L.F.C., K.C.A., A.V.A.), University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital, Birmingham, AL; Dresden University Stroke Center (K.B.), Department of Neurology, University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; the Division of Neurology (V.K.S., H.L.T., B.P.L.C.,), Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore; the Department of Neurology (G.T.), Democritus University of Thrace, School of Medicine, Alexandroupolis, Greece; the Second..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernard P.L.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Comprehensive Stroke Center (L.Z., K.B., G.T., L.F.C., K.C.A., A.V.A.), University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital, Birmingham, AL; Dresden University Stroke Center (K.B.), Department of Neurology, University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; the Division of Neurology (V.K.S., H.L.T., B.P.L.C.,), Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore; the Department of Neurology (G.T.), Democritus University of Thrace, School of Medicine, Alexandroupolis, Greece; the Second..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arvind","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Comprehensive Stroke Center (L.Z., K.B., G.T., L.F.C., K.C.A., A.V.A.), University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital, Birmingham, AL; Dresden University Stroke Center (K.B.), Department of Neurology, University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; the Division of Neurology (V.K.S., H.L.T., B.P.L.C.,), Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore; the Department of Neurology (G.T.), Democritus University of Thrace, School of Medicine, Alexandroupolis, Greece; the Second..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Voumvourakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Comprehensive Stroke Center (L.Z., K.B., G.T., L.F.C., K.C.A., A.V.A.), University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital, Birmingham, AL; Dresden University Stroke Center (K.B.), Department of Neurology, University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; the Division of Neurology (V.K.S., H.L.T., B.P.L.C.,), Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore; the Department of Neurology (G.T.), Democritus University of Thrace, School of Medicine, Alexandroupolis, Greece; the Second..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elefterios","family":"Stamboulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Comprehensive Stroke Center (L.Z., K.B., G.T., L.F.C., K.C.A., A.V.A.), University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital, Birmingham, AL; Dresden University Stroke Center (K.B.), Department of Neurology, University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; the Division of Neurology (V.K.S., H.L.T., B.P.L.C.,), Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore; the Department of Neurology (G.T.), Democritus University of Thrace, School of Medicine, Alexandroupolis, Greece; the Second..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maher","family":"Saqqur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Comprehensive Stroke Center (L.Z., K.B., G.T., L.F.C., K.C.A., A.V.A.), University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital, Birmingham, AL; Dresden University Stroke Center (K.B.), Department of Neurology, University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; the Division of Neurology (V.K.S., H.L.T., B.P.L.C.,), Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore; the Department of Neurology (G.T.), Democritus University of Thrace, School of Medicine, Alexandroupolis, Greece; the Second..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark R.","family":"Harrigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Comprehensive Stroke Center (L.Z., K.B., G.T., L.F.C., K.C.A., A.V.A.), University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital, Birmingham, AL; Dresden University Stroke Center (K.B.), Department of Neurology, University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; the Division of Neurology (V.K.S., H.L.T., B.P.L.C.,), Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore; the Department of Neurology (G.T.), Democritus University of Thrace, School of Medicine, Alexandroupolis, Greece; the Second..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen C.","family":"Albright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Comprehensive Stroke Center (L.Z., K.B., G.T., L.F.C., K.C.A., A.V.A.), University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital, Birmingham, AL; Dresden University Stroke Center (K.B.), Department of Neurology, University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; the Division of Neurology (V.K.S., H.L.T., B.P.L.C.,), Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore; the Department of Neurology (G.T.), Democritus University of Thrace, School of Medicine, Alexandroupolis, Greece; the Second..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrei V.","family":"Alexandrov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Comprehensive Stroke Center (L.Z., K.B., G.T., L.F.C., K.C.A., A.V.A.), University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital, Birmingham, AL; Dresden University Stroke Center (K.B.), Department of Neurology, University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; the Division of Neurology (V.K.S., H.L.T., B.P.L.C.,), Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore; the Department of Neurology (G.T.), Democritus University of Thrace, School of Medicine, Alexandroupolis, Greece; the Second..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000157736.19739.d0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.50.3.812"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000261488.05906.c1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1988.7.11.611"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.20.7.899"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410280507"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"108","article-title":"Comparison of cerebral angiography and transcranial Doppler sonography in acute stroke","volume":"88","author":"Carmelingo M","year":"1993","unstructured":"Carmelingo M, Castro L, Censori B. 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