{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:30:20Z","timestamp":1790778620394,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background and Purpose\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Neurovascular damage, including neuronal apoptosis and blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB) damage, and microglia activation account for the hypoxic-ischemia (HI) susceptibility in neonatal brain. The p53 upregulation is involved in apoptosis, endothelial cell damage, and microglia activation. We hypothesized that underweight induced by dietary restriction (DR) protects against HI in rat pups by attenuating p53-mediated neurovascular damage.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Male rat pups were grouped as normal litter (NL) size (12 pups\/dam), DR (18 pups\/dam), and extreme DR (24 pups\/dam) from postnatal day 1 and subjected to HI on postnatal day 7. Immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting were used to determine p53, phospho-murine double minute-2, caspases, BBB damage and microglia activation, and immunofluorescence to determine the cellular distribution of p53. Pharmacological approaches were used to regulate p53.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The NL, DR, and extreme DR pups had similar TUNEL-positive cells and caspases on postnatal day 7 and comparable learning performance at adulthood. After HI, the DR-HI, but not extreme DR-HI, pups had significantly lower p53, higher phospho-murine double minute-2, lower cleaved caspases, less BBB damage and microglia activation, and less brain volume loss than NL-HI pups. In NL-HI pups, p53 expression was located mainly in the neurons, endothelial cells, and microglia. The p53 blockage by pifithrin-\u03b1 in NL-HI pups decreased apoptosis, BBB damage, and microglia activation, and was neuroprotective. In contrast, upregulating p53 by nutlin-3 in DR-HI pups increased apoptosis, BBB damage, and microglia activation, and worsened brain damage.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Moderate DR, but not extreme DR, reduces p53-mediated neurovascular damage after HI and confers long-term protection in neonatal brain.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.111.629931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,11]],"date-time":"2011-11-11T05:41:29Z","timestamp":1320990089000},"page":"491-498","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Moderate Dietary Restriction Reduces p53-Mediated Neurovascular Damage and Microglia Activation After Hypoxic Ischemia in Neonatal Brain"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Yi-Fang","family":"Tu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute of Clinical Medicine (Y.F.T., P.J.L., C.C.H.), Departments of Emergency Medicine (Y.F.T.) and Pediatrics (C.C.H., C.J.H., Y.P.C.), National Cheng Kung University, Medical College and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei-Jung","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute of Clinical Medicine (Y.F.T., P.J.L., C.C.H.), Departments of Emergency Medicine (Y.F.T.) and Pediatrics (C.C.H., C.J.H., Y.P.C.), National Cheng Kung University, Medical College and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao-Ching","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute of Clinical Medicine (Y.F.T., P.J.L., C.C.H.), Departments of Emergency Medicine (Y.F.T.) and Pediatrics (C.C.H., C.J.H., Y.P.C.), National Cheng Kung University, Medical College and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chien-Jung","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute of Clinical Medicine (Y.F.T., P.J.L., C.C.H.), Departments of Emergency Medicine (Y.F.T.) and Pediatrics (C.C.H., C.J.H., Y.P.C.), National Cheng Kung University, Medical College and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya-Ping","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute of Clinical Medicine (Y.F.T., P.J.L., C.C.H.), Departments of Emergency Medicine (Y.F.T.) and Pediatrics (C.C.H., C.J.H., Y.P.C.), National Cheng Kung University, Medical College and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra041996"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","volume-title":"Neurology of the newborn","author":"Volpe JJ","year":"2008","unstructured":"Volpe JJ. Neurology of the newborn, V ed. 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