{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T08:52:51Z","timestamp":1789203171082,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background and Purpose\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Cardioembolism in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (pxAF) is a frequent cause of ischemic stroke. Sensitive detection of pxAF after stroke is crucial for adequate secondary stroke prevention; the optimal diagnostic modality to detect pxAF on stroke units is unknown. We compared 24-hour Holter electrocardiography (ECG) with continuous stroke unit ECG monitoring (CEM) for pxAF detection.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack were prospectively enrolled. After a 12-channel ECG on admission, all patients received 24-hour Holter ECG and CEM. Additionally, ECG monitoring data underwent automated analysis using dedicated software to identify pxAF. Patients with a history of atrial fibrillation or with atrial fibrillation on the admission ECG were excluded.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Four hundred ninety-six patients (median age, 69 years; 61.5% male) fulfilled all inclusion criteria (ischemic stroke: 80.4%; transient ischemic attack: 19.6%). Median stroke unit stay lasted 88.8 hours (interquartile range, 65.0\u2013122.0). ECG data for automated CEM analysis were available for a median time of 64.0 hours (43.0\u201389.8). Paroxysmal AF was documented in 41 of 496 patients (8.3%). Of these, Holter detected pxAF in 34.1%; CEM in 65.9%; and automated CEM in 92.7%. CEM and automated CEM detected significantly more patients with pxAF than Holter (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001), and automated CEM detected more patients than CEM (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Automated analysis of CEM improves pxAF detection in patients with stroke on stroke units compared with 24-hour Holter ECG. The comparative usefulness of prolonged or repetitive Holter ECG recordings requires further evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.112.654954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,8]],"date-time":"2012-08-08T05:47:15Z","timestamp":1344404835000},"page":"2689-2694","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":176,"title":["Continuous Stroke Unit Electrocardiographic Monitoring Versus 24-Hour Holter Electrocardiography for Detection of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation After Stroke"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Timolaos","family":"Rizos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Neurology, (T.R., J.G., L.M., C.R., P.R., W.H., R.V.) and Cardiology (R.B.), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research (C070), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (E.J.); the Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany (L.M.); Apoplex Medical Technologies GmbH, Pirmasens, Germany (R.R., T.H.); the University of Birmingham Cardiovascular Sciences Center,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janina","family":"G\u00fcntner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Neurology, (T.R., J.G., L.M., C.R., P.R., W.H., R.V.) and Cardiology (R.B.), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research (C070), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (E.J.); the Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany (L.M.); Apoplex Medical Technologies GmbH, Pirmasens, Germany (R.R., T.H.); the University of Birmingham Cardiovascular Sciences Center,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekkehart","family":"Jenetzky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Neurology, (T.R., J.G., L.M., C.R., P.R., W.H., R.V.) and Cardiology (R.B.), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research (C070), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (E.J.); the Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany (L.M.); Apoplex Medical Technologies GmbH, Pirmasens, Germany (R.R., T.H.); the University of Birmingham Cardiovascular Sciences Center,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Marquardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Neurology, (T.R., J.G., L.M., C.R., P.R., W.H., R.V.) and Cardiology (R.B.), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research (C070), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (E.J.); the Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany (L.M.); Apoplex Medical Technologies GmbH, Pirmasens, Germany (R.R., T.H.); the University of Birmingham Cardiovascular Sciences Center,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Reichardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Neurology, (T.R., J.G., L.M., C.R., P.R., W.H., R.V.) and Cardiology (R.B.), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research (C070), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (E.J.); the Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany (L.M.); Apoplex Medical Technologies GmbH, Pirmasens, Germany (R.R., T.H.); the University of Birmingham Cardiovascular Sciences Center,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R\u00fcdiger","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Neurology, (T.R., J.G., L.M., C.R., P.R., W.H., R.V.) and Cardiology (R.B.), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research (C070), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (E.J.); the Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany (L.M.); Apoplex Medical Technologies GmbH, Pirmasens, Germany (R.R., T.H.); the University of Birmingham Cardiovascular Sciences Center,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Reinhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Neurology, (T.R., J.G., L.M., C.R., P.R., W.H., R.V.) and Cardiology (R.B.), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research (C070), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (E.J.); the Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany (L.M.); Apoplex Medical Technologies GmbH, Pirmasens, Germany (R.R., T.H.); the University of Birmingham Cardiovascular Sciences Center,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Hepp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Neurology, (T.R., J.G., L.M., C.R., P.R., W.H., R.V.) and Cardiology (R.B.), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research (C070), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (E.J.); the Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany (L.M.); Apoplex Medical Technologies GmbH, Pirmasens, Germany (R.R., T.H.); the University of Birmingham Cardiovascular Sciences Center,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulus","family":"Kirchhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Neurology, (T.R., J.G., L.M., C.R., P.R., W.H., R.V.) and Cardiology (R.B.), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research (C070), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (E.J.); the Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany (L.M.); Apoplex Medical Technologies GmbH, Pirmasens, Germany (R.R., T.H.); the University of Birmingham Cardiovascular Sciences Center,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Aleynichenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Neurology, (T.R., J.G., L.M., C.R., P.R., W.H., R.V.) and Cardiology (R.B.), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research (C070), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (E.J.); the Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany (L.M.); Apoplex Medical Technologies GmbH, Pirmasens, Germany (R.R., T.H.); the University of Birmingham Cardiovascular Sciences Center,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Ringleb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Neurology, (T.R., J.G., L.M., C.R., P.R., W.H., R.V.) and Cardiology (R.B.), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research (C070), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (E.J.); the Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany (L.M.); Apoplex Medical Technologies GmbH, Pirmasens, Germany (R.R., T.H.); the University of Birmingham Cardiovascular Sciences Center,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Werner","family":"Hacke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Neurology, (T.R., J.G., L.M., C.R., P.R., W.H., R.V.) and Cardiology (R.B.), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research (C070), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (E.J.); the Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany (L.M.); Apoplex Medical Technologies GmbH, Pirmasens, Germany (R.R., T.H.); the University of Birmingham Cardiovascular Sciences Center,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Veltkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Neurology, (T.R., J.G., L.M., C.R., P.R., W.H., R.V.) and Cardiology (R.B.), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; the Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research (C070), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (E.J.); the Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Erlangen, Germany (L.M.); Apoplex Medical Technologies GmbH, Pirmasens, Germany (R.R., T.H.); the University of Birmingham Cardiovascular Sciences Center,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)07493-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.305.6867.1460"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2000.6981"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.048827"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0905561"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-12-200706190-00007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.89.1.224"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2002.01587.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.2006.00609.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq278"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm358"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2009.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.07.076"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehn101"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehn599"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.107.181486"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000131083"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2010.03.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","unstructured":"Knight E. 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