{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T22:42:07Z","timestamp":1791067327963,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background and Purpose\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Approximately 5% of strokes occur in adults aged 18 to 44 years. Substance abuse is a prevalent risk factor for stroke in young adults. We sought to identify trends in substance abuse detection among stroke patients.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Using a population-based design, we sought to identify all patients aged 18 to 54 years experiencing a stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic) in the Greater Cincinnati and Northern Kentucky Study region during 1993 to 1994, 1999, and 2005. Demographic and clinical characteristics and substance use data were obtained retrospectively from chart review and adjudicated by physicians.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              The number of young patients identified with a stroke increased from 1993 to 1994 (297) to 2005 (501). Blacks (61% vs 51%;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.02) and men (61% vs 47%;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.002) reported substance abuse (current smoking, alcohol, or illegal drug use) more frequently than did whites and women. Overall use of substances increased across study periods, 45% in 1993 versus 62% in 2005 (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.003). The trend was significant for illegal drug use (3.8% in 1993 vs 19.8% in 2005) and ever smoking (49% in 1993 vs 66% in 2005). Documentation of both cocaine and marijuana use increased over time. In 2005, half of young adults with a stroke were current smokers, and 1 in 5 abused illegal drugs.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Substance abuse is common in young adults experiencing a stroke. The observed increase in substance abuse is contributing to the increased incidence of stroke in young adults. Patients aged younger than 55 years who experience a stroke should be routinely screened and counseled regarding substance abuse.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.112.667808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,17]],"date-time":"2012-11-17T02:20:39Z","timestamp":1353118839000},"page":"3179-3183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"title":["Trends in Substance Abuse Preceding Stroke Among Young Adults"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Felipe","family":"de los R\u00edos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, (F.R.R., D.O.K., J.P.B., O.A., M.L.F., P.K., D.W., J.E., S.F., B.M.K.); Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital, Cincinnati, OH (J.K.); and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH (C.J.M., K.A.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawn O.","family":"Kleindorfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, (F.R.R., D.O.K., J.P.B., O.A., M.L.F., P.K., D.W., J.E., S.F., B.M.K.); Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital, Cincinnati, OH (J.K.); and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH (C.J.M., K.A.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Khoury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, (F.R.R., D.O.K., J.P.B., O.A., M.L.F., P.K., D.W., J.E., S.F., B.M.K.); Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital, Cincinnati, OH (J.K.); and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH (C.J.M., K.A.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph P.","family":"Broderick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, (F.R.R., D.O.K., J.P.B., O.A., M.L.F., P.K., D.W., J.E., S.F., B.M.K.); Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital, Cincinnati, OH (J.K.); and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH (C.J.M., K.A.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles J.","family":"Moomaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, (F.R.R., D.O.K., J.P.B., O.A., M.L.F., P.K., D.W., J.E., S.F., B.M.K.); Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital, Cincinnati, OH (J.K.); and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH (C.J.M., K.A.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Opeolu","family":"Adeoye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, (F.R.R., D.O.K., J.P.B., O.A., M.L.F., P.K., D.W., J.E., S.F., B.M.K.); Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital, Cincinnati, OH (J.K.); and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH (C.J.M., K.A.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew L.","family":"Flaherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, (F.R.R., D.O.K., J.P.B., O.A., M.L.F., P.K., D.W., J.E., S.F., B.M.K.); Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital, Cincinnati, OH (J.K.); and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH (C.J.M., K.A.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pooja","family":"Khatri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, (F.R.R., D.O.K., J.P.B., O.A., M.L.F., P.K., D.W., J.E., S.F., B.M.K.); Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital, Cincinnati, OH (J.K.); and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH (C.J.M., K.A.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, (F.R.R., D.O.K., J.P.B., O.A., M.L.F., P.K., D.W., J.E., S.F., B.M.K.); Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital, Cincinnati, OH (J.K.); and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH (C.J.M., K.A.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Alwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, (F.R.R., D.O.K., J.P.B., O.A., M.L.F., P.K., D.W., J.E., S.F., B.M.K.); Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital, Cincinnati, OH (J.K.); and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH (C.J.M., K.A.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Eilerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, (F.R.R., D.O.K., J.P.B., O.A., M.L.F., P.K., D.W., J.E., S.F., B.M.K.); Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital, Cincinnati, OH (J.K.); and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH (C.J.M., K.A.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Ferioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, (F.R.R., D.O.K., J.P.B., O.A., M.L.F., P.K., D.W., J.E., S.F., B.M.K.); Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital, Cincinnati, OH (J.K.); and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH (C.J.M., K.A.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brett M.","family":"Kissela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, (F.R.R., D.O.K., J.P.B., O.A., M.L.F., P.K., D.W., J.E., S.F., B.M.K.); Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital, Cincinnati, OH (J.K.); and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH (C.J.M., K.A.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dhjo.2010.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.4.495"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318270401d"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.50.4.890"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.298.6676.789"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2009.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2005.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2008.070425"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.29.2.415"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.21.5.707"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-258"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.109.575043"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2531248"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000080678.09344.8d"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e31823ac046"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/bmm.09.51"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.63.740.511"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.40.7.1092"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.22.10.1320"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.22.11.1437"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.3.2.143"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.88.3.876"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199811000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2006.055970"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22539"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","unstructured":"CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Prevalence and trends database: 2012. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System website. Available at: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/brfss\/index.htm. Accessed July 24 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1297366"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fca.09.36"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.4.502"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.50.6.1688"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","unstructured":"Results from the 2005 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National findings. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration website. Available at: http:\/\/www.oas.samhsa.gov\/nsduh\/2k5nsduh\/2k5results.htm. Accessed March 22 2011."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","unstructured":"Trends in treatment admissions by State. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration website. Available at: http:\/\/www.oas.samhsa.gov\/StateTrends.htm. Accessed March 22 2011."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","unstructured":"Youth Risk Behavior Survey National Trends 1991 - 2011: Marijuana cocaine and other illegal drug use. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. Available at: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/healthyyouth\/yrbs\/factsheets\/index.htm. Accessed March 22 2011."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2493080795"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.107.512632"}],"container-title":["Stroke"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.112.667808","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T14:27:00Z","timestamp":1715610420000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.112.667808"}},"subtitle":["A Population-Based Study"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/STROKEAHA.112.667808"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/strokeaha.112.667808","relation":{},"ISSN":["0039-2499","1524-4628"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0039-2499","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4628","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-06-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-10-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-11-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}