{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:43:25Z","timestamp":1790210605704,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background and Purpose\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Apraxia of speech (AOS) is an impairment of motor planning and programming of speech articulation and is often considered an important stroke syndrome, localizable to Broca\u2019s area. However, an influential study raised doubts on this localization and reported that AOS is attributable to lesions of the anterior insula, based on an association between chronic AOS and anterior insula lesions. We hypothesized that chronic AOS is associated with large lesions (which include the insula) or lesions to Broca\u2019s area.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Method\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We tested 34 participants with chronic left supratentorial stroke on an AOS battery and obtained concurrent magnetic resonance imaging. We evaluated associations between AOS and locations and volume of infarct.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The presence of chronic AOS (n=17) was associated with volume of infarct, but was also associated with infarct in Broca\u2019s area (and several other regions, but not anterior insula) in both volume- and age-adjusted linear regression and the dichotomous analysis. Carotid dissection was more common, and cardioembolism less common, as a cause of stroke in patients with AOS compared with those without. Severity of AOS was also strongly associated with lesion volume.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Persistence of AOS after 12 months is associated with large left hemispheric stroke and strokes that involve Broca\u2019s area or other relatively anterior areas to which it is structurally or functionally connected. Patients with such lesions may benefit from early training in the use of technologies to support speech production and communication.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.112.678508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,30]],"date-time":"2013-01-30T05:12:07Z","timestamp":1359522727000},"page":"740-744","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Chronic Apraxia of Speech and Broca\u2019s Area"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Lydia A.","family":"Trupe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Neurology (L.A.T., D.D.V., Y.G., D.R., R.L., A.E.H., R.F.G.), Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (A.E.H.); and Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (A.E.H.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel D.","family":"Varma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Neurology (L.A.T., D.D.V., Y.G., D.R., R.L., A.E.H., R.F.G.), Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (A.E.H.); and Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (A.E.H.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yessenia","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Neurology (L.A.T., D.D.V., Y.G., D.R., R.L., A.E.H., R.F.G.), Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (A.E.H.); and Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (A.E.H.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Race","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Neurology (L.A.T., D.D.V., Y.G., D.R., R.L., A.E.H., R.F.G.), Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (A.E.H.); and Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (A.E.H.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Leigh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Neurology (L.A.T., D.D.V., Y.G., D.R., R.L., A.E.H., R.F.G.), Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (A.E.H.); and Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (A.E.H.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Argye E.","family":"Hillis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Neurology (L.A.T., D.D.V., Y.G., D.R., R.L., A.E.H., R.F.G.), Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (A.E.H.); and Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (A.E.H.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca F.","family":"Gottesman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Departments of Neurology (L.A.T., D.D.V., Y.G., D.R., R.L., A.E.H., R.F.G.), Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (A.E.H.); and Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (A.E.H.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"337","article-title":"Sur le si\u00e8ge de la facultl\u00e9 du language articul\u00e9.","volume":"6","author":"Broca P","year":"1865","unstructured":"Broca P. Sur le si\u00e8ge de la facultl\u00e9 du language articul\u00e9. Bull Soc Anthropol 1865;6:337\u2013393 (reprinted in H\u00e9caen H, Dubois J. La Naissance de la Neuropsychologie du Language. Paris, Flammarion, 1969).","journal-title":"Bull Soc Anthropol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-011-9176-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","volume-title":"Studies in Neurolinguistics","author":"Mohr JP","year":"1976","unstructured":"Mohr JP. Broca\u2019s area and Broca\u2019s aphasia. In: , Whitaker H, eds. Studies in Neurolinguistics, Vol 1. New York, NY: Academic Press; 1976."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","volume-title":"Motor speech disorders","author":"Darley FL","year":"1975","unstructured":"Darley FL, Aronson AE, Brown JR. Motor speech disorders. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 1975."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(96)00127-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/88.3.585"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","volume-title":"Apraxia of Speech in Adults: The Disorder and Its Management","author":"Wertz RT","year":"1984","unstructured":"Wertz RT, LaPointe LL, Rosenbek JC. Apraxia of Speech in Adults: The Disorder and Its Management. New York, NY: Grune and Stratton, 1984: 318."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","volume-title":"Apraxia Battery for Adults","author":"Dabul BL","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dabul BL. Apraxia Battery for Adults. 2nd ed. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed; 2000.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.28.4.311"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/384159a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2006.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","first-page":"259 [abstract]","article-title":"Diffusion weighted imaging assessment of insular vulnerability in acute middle cerebral artery infarctions.","volume":"34","author":"Finley A","year":"2003","unstructured":"Finley A, Saver J, Alger J, Pregenzer M, Leary M, Ovbiagele B. Diffusion weighted imaging assessment of insular vulnerability in acute middle cerebral artery infarctions. Stroke. 2003; 34:259 [abstract].","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh172"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/t15168-000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","volume-title":"The Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination, III","author":"Goodglass H","year":"2012","unstructured":"Goodglass H, Kaplan E. The Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination, III. San Antonio, TX: Pearson; 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","volume-title":"Lesion analysis in neuropsychology","author":"Damasio H","year":"1989","unstructured":"Damasio H, Damasio A. Lesion analysis in neuropsychology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1989."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp270"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.24.1.35"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2001.02090.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040370"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2012.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wnr.0000223388.28834.50"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2008.0287"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.07.044"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","first-page":"73","volume-title":"Apraxia of Speech: Physiology, Acoustics, Linguistics, Management","author":"Kertesz A","year":"1984","unstructured":"Kertesz A. Subcortical lesions and verbal apraxia. In: , Rosenbeck J, McNeil M, Aronson A, eds. Apraxia of Speech: Physiology, Acoustics, Linguistics, Management. San Diego: College-Hill; 1984:73\u201390."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf113"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.20.12.1730"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/leader.FTR2.16052011.16"}],"container-title":["Stroke"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.112.678508","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T14:01:41Z","timestamp":1715608901000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.112.678508"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/STROKEAHA.112.678508"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/strokeaha.112.678508","relation":{},"ISSN":["0039-2499","1524-4628"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0039-2499","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4628","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-09-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-12-19","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-01-29","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}