{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T16:50:18Z","timestamp":1789750218093,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background and Purpose\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Lacunar infarction is attributable to a perforating arteriolar abnormality. Possible causes include embolism, atheromatosis, or intrinsic disease. We examined whether the size, shape, or location of the lacunar infarct varied with embolic sources, systemic atheroma, or vascular risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We examined data from 3 prospective studies of patients with clinical and diffusion-weighted imaging\u2013positive symptomatic lacunar infarction who underwent full clinical assessment and investigation for stroke risk factors. Lacunar infarct sizes (maximum diameter; shape, oval\/tubular; location, basal ganglia\/centrum semiovale\/brain stem) were coded blind to clinical details.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Among 195 patients, 48 infarcts were tubular, 50 were 15 to 20 mm in diameter, and 97 and 74 were located in the basal ganglia and the centrum semiovale, respectively. There was no association between infarct size or shape and any of the risk factors. Centrum semiovale infarcts were less likely to have a potential relevant embolic source (4% versus 11%; odds ratio, 0.16; 95% confidence interval, 0.03\u20130.83) and caused a lower National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score (2 versus 3; odds ratio, 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.62\u20130.98) than basal ganglia infarcts. There were no other differences by infarct location.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Lacunar infarcts in the basal ganglia caused marginally severer strokes and were 3 times more likely to have a potential embolic source than those in the centrum semiovale, but the overall rate of carotid or known cardiac embolic sources (11%) was low. We found no evidence that other risk factors differed with location, size, or shape, suggesting that most lacunar infarcts share a common intrinsic arteriolar pathology.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.113.002227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,6]],"date-time":"2013-09-06T04:02:25Z","timestamp":1378440145000},"page":"3000-3006","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Variation in Risk Factors for Recent Small Subcortical Infarcts With Infarct Size, Shape, and Location"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Del Bene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the NEUROFARBA Department, Neuroscience Section, University of Florence, Italy (A.D.B., D.I.); and Divisions of Neuroimaging Sciences (S.D.J.M., J.M.W.) and Geriatric Medicine (F.N.D.), Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen D.J.","family":"Makin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the NEUROFARBA Department, Neuroscience Section, University of Florence, Italy (A.D.B., D.I.); and Divisions of Neuroimaging Sciences (S.D.J.M., J.M.W.) and Geriatric Medicine (F.N.D.), Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fergus N.","family":"Doubal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the NEUROFARBA Department, Neuroscience Section, University of Florence, Italy (A.D.B., D.I.); and Divisions of Neuroimaging Sciences (S.D.J.M., J.M.W.) and Geriatric Medicine (F.N.D.), Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Inzitari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the NEUROFARBA Department, Neuroscience Section, University of Florence, Italy (A.D.B., D.I.); and Divisions of Neuroimaging Sciences (S.D.J.M., J.M.W.) and Geriatric Medicine (F.N.D.), Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna M.","family":"Wardlaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the NEUROFARBA Department, Neuroscience Section, University of Florence, Italy (A.D.B., D.I.); and Divisions of Neuroimaging Sciences (S.D.J.M., J.M.W.) and Geriatric Medicine (F.N.D.), Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.32.8.871"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.39.9.1246"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318253d62f"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000327980"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-4949.2012.00789.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.558809"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.23.3.325"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2005.066860"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","first-page":"6","article-title":"[Clinical classification for lacunar infarct. An investigation of 130 consecutive cases of lacunar infarctions].","volume":"45","author":"Ohara T","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ohara T, Yamamoto Y, Oiwa K, Hayashi M, Nakagawa M. [Clinical classification for lacunar infarct. An investigation of 130 consecutive cases of lacunar infarctions]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 2005;45:6\u201312.","journal-title":"Rinsho Shinkeigaku"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2009.08.065"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000016961.01086.94"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181a60a71"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199811123392002"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","first-page":"51","article-title":"The stroke syndrome of striatocapsular infarction.","volume":"114","author":"Donnan GA","year":"1991","unstructured":"Donnan GA, Bladin PF, Berkovic SF, Longley WA, Saling MM. The stroke syndrome of striatocapsular infarction. Brain. 1991;114pt 1A51\u201370.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000319773"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000015903"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","article-title":"Abstract WP187: Correlation between infarct shape and volume and ischemic risk factors and recurrent ischemic rates in small subcortical stroke; data from the SPS3 randomized controlled trial.","volume":"44","author":"Ashdaghi N","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ashdaghi N, Pearce L, Nakajima M, Bazan C, Cermeno F, Lewis B, et al.. Abstract WP187: Correlation between infarct shape and volume and ischemic risk factors and recurrent ischemic rates in small subcortical stroke; data from the SPS3 randomized controlled trial. Stroke. 2013;44:6.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000185678.26296.38"}],"container-title":["Stroke"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.002227","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T14:22:44Z","timestamp":1715610164000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.002227"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.002227"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/strokeaha.113.002227","relation":{},"ISSN":["0039-2499","1524-4628"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0039-2499","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4628","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-05-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-08-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-09-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}