{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T13:53:09Z","timestamp":1789653189305,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Purpose\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>White matter hyperintensities (WMH) and perivascular spaces (PVS) are features of small vessel disease, found jointly on MRI of older people. Inflammation is a prominent pathological feature of small vessel disease. We examined the association between inflammation, PVS, and WMH in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (N=634).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We measured plasma fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6 and rated PVS in 3 brain regions. We measured WMH volumetrically and visually using the Fazekas scale. We derived latent variables for\n                      <jats:italic>PVS, WMH<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Inflammation<\/jats:italic>\n                      from measured PVS, WMH, and inflammation markers and modelled associations using structural equation modelling.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After accounting for age, sex, stroke, and vascular risk factors,\n                      <jats:italic>PVS<\/jats:italic>\n                      were significantly associated with\n                      <jats:italic>WMH<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\u03b2=0.47;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.0001);\n                      <jats:italic>Inflammation<\/jats:italic>\n                      was weakly but significantly associated with\n                      <jats:italic>PVS<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\u03b2=0.12;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.048), but not with\n                      <jats:italic>WMH<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\u03b2=0.02;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =NS).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Circulating inflammatory markers are weakly associated with MR-visible PVS, but not directly with WMH. Longitudinal studies should examine whether visible PVS predate WMH progression and whether inflammation modulators can prevent small vessel disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.113.004059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,8]],"date-time":"2014-01-08T02:22:33Z","timestamp":1389147753000},"page":"605-607","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":141,"title":["Circulating Inflammatory Markers Are Associated With Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Visible Perivascular Spaces But Not Directly With White Matter Hyperintensities"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Benjamin S.","family":"Aribisala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From Brain Research Imaging Centre (B.S.A., S.W., Z.M., M.C.V.-H., N.A.R., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (B.S.A., M.C.V.-H., N.A.R., S.M.M., A.J.G., M.E.B., J.S., I.J.D., J.M.W.), Department of Psychology (J.C., I.J.D.), and Geriatric Medicine Unit (J.S.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Scottish Imaging Network: A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE), Edinburgh, United Kingdom (B.S.A., M.C.V.-H., N.A.R., S.M.M., M.E.B., J..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stewart","family":"Wiseman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Brain Research Imaging Centre (B.S.A., S.W., Z.M., M.C.V.-H., N.A.R., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (B.S.A., M.C.V.-H., N.A.R., S.M.M., A.J.G., M.E.B., J.S., I.J.D., J.M.W.), Department of Psychology (J.C., I.J.D.), and Geriatric Medicine Unit (J.S.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Scottish Imaging Network: A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE), Edinburgh, United Kingdom (B.S.A., M.C.V.-H., N.A.R., S.M.M., M.E.B., J..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoe","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Brain Research Imaging Centre (B.S.A., S.W., Z.M., M.C.V.-H., N.A.R., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (B.S.A., M.C.V.-H., N.A.R., S.M.M., A.J.G., M.E.B., J.S., I.J.D., J.M.W.), Department of Psychology (J.C., I.J.D.), and Geriatric Medicine Unit (J.S.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Scottish Imaging Network: A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE), Edinburgh, United Kingdom (B.S.A., M.C.V.-H., N.A.R., S.M.M., M.E.B., J..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria C.","family":"Vald\u00e9s-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Brain Research Imaging Centre (B.S.A., S.W., Z.M., M.C.V.-H., N.A.R., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (B.S.A., M.C.V.-H., N.A.R., S.M.M., A.J.G., M.E.B., J.S., I.J.D., J.M.W.), Department of Psychology (J.C., I.J.D.), and Geriatric Medicine Unit (J.S.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Scottish Imaging Network: A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE), Edinburgh, United Kingdom (B.S.A., M.C.V.-H., N.A.R., S.M.M., M.E.B., J..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie A.","family":"Royle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Brain Research Imaging Centre (B.S.A., S.W., Z.M., M.C.V.-H., N.A.R., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (B.S.A., M.C.V.-H., N.A.R., S.M.M., A.J.G., M.E.B., J.S., I.J.D., J.M.W.), Department of Psychology (J.C., I.J.D.), and Geriatric Medicine Unit (J.S.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Scottish Imaging Network: A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE), Edinburgh, United Kingdom (B.S.A., M.C.V.-H., N.A.R., S.M.M., M.E.B., J..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susana M.","family":"Maniega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Brain Research Imaging Centre (B.S.A., S.W., Z.M., M.C.V.-H., N.A.R., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (B.S.A., M.C.V.-H., N.A.R., S.M.M., A.J.G., M.E.B., J.S., I.J.D., J.M.W.), Department of Psychology (J.C., I.J.D.), and Geriatric Medicine Unit (J.S.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Scottish Imaging Network: A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE), Edinburgh, United Kingdom (B.S.A., M.C.V.-H., N.A.R., S.M.M., M.E.B., J..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan J.","family":"Gow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Brain Research Imaging Centre (B.S.A., S.W., Z.M., M.C.V.-H., N.A.R., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (B.S.A., M.C.V.-H., N.A.R., S.M.M., A.J.G., M.E.B., J.S., I.J.D., J.M.W.), Department of Psychology (J.C., I.J.D.), and Geriatric Medicine Unit (J.S.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Scottish Imaging Network: A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE), Edinburgh, United Kingdom (B.S.A., M.C.V.-H., N.A.R., S.M.M., M.E.B., J..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janie","family":"Corley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Brain Research Imaging Centre (B.S.A., S.W., Z.M., M.C.V.-H., N.A.R., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (B.S.A., M.C.V.-H., N.A.R., S.M.M., A.J.G., M.E.B., J.S., I.J.D., J.M.W.), Department of Psychology (J.C., I.J.D.), and Geriatric Medicine Unit (J.S.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Scottish Imaging Network: A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE), Edinburgh, United Kingdom (B.S.A., M.C.V.-H., N.A.R., S.M.M., M.E.B., J..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark E.","family":"Bastin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Brain Research Imaging Centre (B.S.A., S.W., Z.M., M.C.V.-H., N.A.R., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (B.S.A., M.C.V.-H., N.A.R., S.M.M., A.J.G., M.E.B., J.S., I.J.D., J.M.W.), Department of Psychology (J.C., I.J.D.), and Geriatric Medicine Unit (J.S.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Scottish Imaging Network: A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE), Edinburgh, United Kingdom (B.S.A., M.C.V.-H., N.A.R., S.M.M., M.E.B., J..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Starr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Brain Research Imaging Centre (B.S.A., S.W., Z.M., M.C.V.-H., N.A.R., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (B.S.A., M.C.V.-H., N.A.R., S.M.M., A.J.G., M.E.B., J.S., I.J.D., J.M.W.), Department of Psychology (J.C., I.J.D.), and Geriatric Medicine Unit (J.S.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Scottish Imaging Network: A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE), Edinburgh, United Kingdom (B.S.A., M.C.V.-H., N.A.R., S.M.M., M.E.B., J..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian J.","family":"Deary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Brain Research Imaging Centre (B.S.A., S.W., Z.M., M.C.V.-H., N.A.R., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (B.S.A., M.C.V.-H., N.A.R., S.M.M., A.J.G., M.E.B., J.S., I.J.D., J.M.W.), Department of Psychology (J.C., I.J.D.), and Geriatric Medicine Unit (J.S.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Scottish Imaging Network: A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE), Edinburgh, United Kingdom (B.S.A., M.C.V.-H., N.A.R., S.M.M., M.E.B., J..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna M.","family":"Wardlaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Brain Research Imaging Centre (B.S.A., S.W., Z.M., M.C.V.-H., N.A.R., S.M.M., M.E.B., J.M.W.), Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (B.S.A., M.C.V.-H., N.A.R., S.M.M., A.J.G., M.E.B., J.S., I.J.D., J.M.W.), Department of Psychology (J.C., I.J.D.), and Geriatric Medicine Unit (J.S.), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Scottish Imaging Network: A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE), Edinburgh, United Kingdom (B.S.A., M.C.V.-H., N.A.R., S.M.M., M.E.B., J..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70060-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.204685"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2012.00575.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318248e50f"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2011.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000212672"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-7-28"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-4949.2011.00683.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-010-1718-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.149.2.351"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","first-page":"53","article-title":"Structural equation modelling: guidelines for determining model fit.","volume":"6","author":"Hooper D","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hooper D, Coughlan J, Mullen M. Structural equation modelling: guidelines for determining model fit. Electron J Bus Res Methods. 2008;6:53\u201360.","journal-title":"Electron J Bus Res Methods"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.107.508135"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000248768.40043.f9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.109.559567"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181d7b45b"}],"container-title":["Stroke"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.004059","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T10:00:26Z","timestamp":1715594426000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.004059"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.004059"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/strokeaha.113.004059","relation":{},"ISSN":["0039-2499","1524-4628"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0039-2499","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4628","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-11-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-12-03","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-01-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}