{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T10:44:56Z","timestamp":1789728296599,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background and Purpose\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A role of neural networks in the development of poststroke dementia has not been clearly established. We hypothesized that stroke-mediated disruption of subcortical cholinergic pathway or large-scale neural networks contributes to poststroke dementia.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A matched case\u2013control study was conducted in a predetermined cohort with acute ischemic stroke. Cases were defined as newly developed dementia diagnosed &gt;3 months after stroke using the Korean Vascular Cognitive Impairment Harmonization Standards. Each case was matched to 2 controls for age, education, and initial stroke severity. The Cholinergic Pathways HyperIntensities Scale was applied with some modifications to characterize disruption of cholinergic pathways by acute stroke lesions. Involvement of major cortical hub locations of the default mode network, central executive network, and salience network was also investigated.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>After matching, 38 cases and 66 matched controls were included. Cholinergic Pathways HyperIntensities Scale scores were significantly higher in cases than in controls (2.2\u00b12.9 versus 0.9\u00b11.4). Acute ischemic lesions affecting the default mode and central executive networks were more frequently observed in cases compared with controls (36.8% versus 7.6% and 26.3% versus 6.1%, respectively). These findings remained significant in the multiple logistic regression models adjusted for various sets of potential confounders. Lesion location analysis revealed that cases were more likely to have acute lesions in the left corona radiata, hippocampal formation, and posterior parietal cortex.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Disruption of cholinergic pathways and major hubs of large-scale neural networks might contribute to newly developed dementia after acute ischemic stroke.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.113.004156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,7]],"date-time":"2014-03-07T07:55:25Z","timestamp":1394178925000},"page":"1069-1076","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Cortical Hubs and Subcortical Cholinergic Pathways as Neural Substrates of Poststroke Dementia"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Jae-Sung","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-S.L.); Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (N.K., M.U.J., M.-K.H., S.Y.K., M.J.B., M.S.J., B.B., H.-J.B.); Department of Psychology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea (Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Ilsan, Korea (D.-E.K.); Biostatistical Consulting Unit, Soonchunhyang University Medical..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nayoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-S.L.); Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (N.K., M.U.J., M.-K.H., S.Y.K., M.J.B., M.S.J., B.B., H.-J.B.); Department of Psychology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea (Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Ilsan, Korea (D.-E.K.); Biostatistical Consulting Unit, Soonchunhyang University Medical..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min Uk","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-S.L.); Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (N.K., M.U.J., M.-K.H., S.Y.K., M.J.B., M.S.J., B.B., H.-J.B.); Department of Psychology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea (Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Ilsan, Korea (D.-E.K.); Biostatistical Consulting Unit, Soonchunhyang University Medical..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moon-Ku","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-S.L.); Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (N.K., M.U.J., M.-K.H., S.Y.K., M.J.B., M.S.J., B.B., H.-J.B.); Department of Psychology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea (Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Ilsan, Korea (D.-E.K.); Biostatistical Consulting Unit, Soonchunhyang University Medical..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SangYun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-S.L.); Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (N.K., M.U.J., M.-K.H., S.Y.K., M.J.B., M.S.J., B.B., H.-J.B.); Department of Psychology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea (Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Ilsan, Korea (D.-E.K.); Biostatistical Consulting Unit, Soonchunhyang University Medical..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min Jae","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-S.L.); Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (N.K., M.U.J., M.-K.H., S.Y.K., M.J.B., M.S.J., B.B., H.-J.B.); Department of Psychology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea (Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Ilsan, Korea (D.-E.K.); Biostatistical Consulting Unit, Soonchunhyang University Medical..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myung Suk","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-S.L.); Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (N.K., M.U.J., M.-K.H., S.Y.K., M.J.B., M.S.J., B.B., H.-J.B.); Department of Psychology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea (Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Ilsan, Korea (D.-E.K.); Biostatistical Consulting Unit, Soonchunhyang University Medical..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byeolnim","family":"Ban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-S.L.); Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (N.K., M.U.J., M.-K.H., S.Y.K., M.J.B., M.S.J., B.B., H.-J.B.); Department of Psychology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea (Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Ilsan, Korea (D.-E.K.); Biostatistical Consulting Unit, Soonchunhyang University Medical..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeonwook","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-S.L.); Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (N.K., M.U.J., M.-K.H., S.Y.K., M.J.B., M.S.J., B.B., H.-J.B.); Department of Psychology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea (Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Ilsan, Korea (D.-E.K.); Biostatistical Consulting Unit, Soonchunhyang University Medical..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-Eog","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-S.L.); Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (N.K., M.U.J., M.-K.H., S.Y.K., M.J.B., M.S.J., B.B., H.-J.B.); Department of Psychology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea (Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Ilsan, Korea (D.-E.K.); Biostatistical Consulting Unit, Soonchunhyang University Medical..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Sung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-S.L.); Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (N.K., M.U.J., M.-K.H., S.Y.K., M.J.B., M.S.J., B.B., H.-J.B.); Department of Psychology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea (Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Ilsan, Korea (D.-E.K.); Biostatistical Consulting Unit, Soonchunhyang University Medical..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juneyoung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-S.L.); Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (N.K., M.U.J., M.-K.H., S.Y.K., M.J.B., M.S.J., B.B., H.-J.B.); Department of Psychology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea (Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Ilsan, Korea (D.-E.K.); Biostatistical Consulting Unit, Soonchunhyang University Medical..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byung-Chul","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-S.L.); Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (N.K., M.U.J., M.-K.H., S.Y.K., M.J.B., M.S.J., B.B., H.-J.B.); Department of Psychology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea (Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Ilsan, Korea (D.-E.K.); Biostatistical Consulting Unit, Soonchunhyang University Medical..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung-Ho","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-S.L.); Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (N.K., M.U.J., M.-K.H., S.Y.K., M.J.B., M.S.J., B.B., H.-J.B.); Department of Psychology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea (Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Ilsan, Korea (D.-E.K.); Biostatistical Consulting Unit, Soonchunhyang University Medical..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra E.","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-S.L.); Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (N.K., M.U.J., M.-K.H., S.Y.K., M.J.B., M.S.J., B.B., H.-J.B.); Department of Psychology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea (Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Ilsan, Korea (D.-E.K.); Biostatistical Consulting Unit, Soonchunhyang University Medical..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hee-Joon","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea (J.-S.L.); Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea (N.K., M.U.J., M.-K.H., S.Y.K., M.J.B., M.S.J., B.B., H.-J.B.); Department of Psychology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea (Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Ilsan, Korea (D.-E.K.); Biostatistical Consulting Unit, Soonchunhyang University Medical..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70236-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/121.12.2249"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000183615.07936.b6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jscd.2003.5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.109.570077"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410030602"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2010.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.108.530212"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.112.668343"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","first-page":"196","article-title":"Validity of the Korean version of informant questionnaire on cognitive decline in the elderly (IQCODE).","volume":"9","author":"Lee DW","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lee DW, Lee JY, Ryu SG, Cho SJ, Hong CH, Lee JH, et al.. Validity of the Korean version of informant questionnaire on cognitive decline in the elderly (IQCODE). J Korean Geriatr Soc. 2005;9:196\u2013204","journal-title":"J Korean Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","first-page":"8","article-title":"The reliability and validity of the Korean instrumental activities of daily living (K-IADL).","volume":"20","author":"Kang SJ","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kang SJ, Choi SH, Lee BH, Kwon JC, Na DL, Han SH; Korean Dementia Research Group. The reliability and validity of the Korean instrumental activities of daily living (K-IADL). J Korean Neurol Assoc. 2002;20:8\u201314.","journal-title":"J Korean Neurol Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed. Text Revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2000.","edition":"4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000237236.88823.47"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2006.08.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000331934"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70158-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0807721106"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181d55f61"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0308627101"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31820af94e"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0b013e3182767d15"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0800005105"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4160-5478-8.10023-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2011.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(08)70415-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2012.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21413"}],"container-title":["Stroke"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.004156","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T14:15:07Z","timestamp":1715609707000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.004156"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.004156"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/strokeaha.113.004156","relation":{},"ISSN":["0039-2499","1524-4628"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0039-2499","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4628","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-11-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-02-04","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-03-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}