{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:07:52Z","timestamp":1791266872928,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background and Purpose\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Until now, except thrombolysis, the therapeutical strategies targeting the acute phase of cerebral ischemia have been proven ineffective, and no approach is available to attenuate the delayed cell death mechanisms and the resulting functional deficits in the late phase. Then, we investigated whether a targeted and delayed delivery of pituitary adenylate cyclase\u2013activating polypeptide (PACAP), a peptide known to exert neuroprotective activities, may dampen delayed pathophysiological processes improving functional recovery.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Three days after permanent focal ischemia, PACAP-producing stem cells were transplanted intracerebro ventricularly in nonimmunosuppressed mice. At 7 and 14 days post ischemia, the effects of this stem cell\u2013based targeted delivery of PACAP on functional recovery, volume lesions, and inflammatory processes were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              The delivery of PACAP in the vicinity of the infarct zone 3 days post stroke promotes fast, stable, and efficient functional recovery. This was correlated with a modulation of the postischemic inflammatory response. Transcriptomic and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis\u2013based bioinformatic analyses identified several gene networks, functions, and key transcriptional factors, such as nuclear factor-\u03baB, C\/EBP-\u03b2, and Notch\/RBP-J as PACAP\u2019s potential targets. Such PACAP-dependent immunomodulation was further confirmed by morphometric and phenotypic analyses of microglial cells showing increased number of Arginase-1\n              <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n              cells in mice treated with PACAP-expressing cells specifically, demonstrating the redirection of the microglial response toward a neuroprotective M2 phenotype.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Our results demonstrated that immunomodulatory strategies capable of redirecting the microglial response toward a neuroprotective M2 phenotype in the late phase of brain ischemia could represent attractive options for stroke treatment in a new and unexploited therapeutical window.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.114.006864","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,31]],"date-time":"2014-12-31T05:47:22Z","timestamp":1420004842000},"page":"520-528","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Delayed Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase\u2013Activating Polypeptide Delivery After Brain Stroke Improves Functional Recovery by Inducing M2 Microglia\/Macrophage Polarization"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Coralie","family":"Brifault","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) U982, Rouen, France (C.B., M.G., D.L., D.V., O.W.); Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France (C.B., M.G., D.L., D.V., O.W.); Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Rouen University, Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France (C.B., M.G., D.L., D.V., O.W.); and Departments of Neurological Sciences and Pharmacology, University of Vermont College of..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjorie","family":"Gras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) U982, Rouen, France (C.B., M.G., D.L., D.V., O.W.); Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France (C.B., M.G., D.L., D.V., O.W.); Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Rouen University, Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France (C.B., M.G., D.L., D.V., O.W.); and Departments of Neurological Sciences and Pharmacology, University of Vermont College of..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donovan","family":"Liot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) U982, Rouen, France (C.B., M.G., D.L., D.V., O.W.); Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France (C.B., M.G., D.L., D.V., O.W.); Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Rouen University, Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France (C.B., M.G., D.L., D.V., O.W.); and Departments of Neurological Sciences and Pharmacology, University of Vermont College of..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"May","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) U982, Rouen, France (C.B., M.G., D.L., D.V., O.W.); Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France (C.B., M.G., D.L., D.V., O.W.); Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Rouen University, Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France (C.B., M.G., D.L., D.V., O.W.); and Departments of Neurological Sciences and Pharmacology, University of Vermont College of..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Vaudry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) U982, Rouen, France (C.B., M.G., D.L., D.V., O.W.); Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France (C.B., M.G., D.L., D.V., O.W.); Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Rouen University, Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France (C.B., M.G., D.L., D.V., O.W.); and Departments of Neurological Sciences and Pharmacology, University of Vermont College of..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Wurtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) U982, Rouen, France (C.B., M.G., D.L., D.V., O.W.); Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Normandy University, Rouen, France (C.B., M.G., D.L., D.V., O.W.); Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Rouen University, Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France (C.B., M.G., D.L., D.V., O.W.); and Departments of Neurological Sciences and Pharmacology, University of Vermont College of..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.552547"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(89)91757-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138161211795589355"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/092986709789712899"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2006.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.31.6.1411"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(96)00716-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb07909.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.45.31930"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.3.1707","article-title":"Vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide enhance IL-10 production by murine macrophages: in vitro and in vivo studies.","volume":"162","author":"Delgado M","year":"1999","unstructured":"Delgado M, Munoz-Elias EJ, Gomariz RP, Ganea D. Vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide enhance IL-10 production by murine macrophages: in vitro and in vivo studies. J Immunol. 1999;162:1707\u20131716.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-008-9077-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0600375103"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2011.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700858"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(97)00981-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2007.0452"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(00)00509-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.20.11.4106-4114.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2011.187"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp174"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12181"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-1548fje"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10098"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(02)00365-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cyto.2002.1024"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2010.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1600483"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2012.08.121"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5360-06.2007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23529"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.12.043"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0067063"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-8-174"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2007.04895.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M006923200"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0908641106"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2304"}],"container-title":["Stroke"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.006864","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T14:16:03Z","timestamp":1715609763000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.006864"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.006864"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/strokeaha.114.006864","relation":{},"ISSN":["0039-2499","1524-4628"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0039-2499","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4628","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-07-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-11-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-12-30","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}