{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T12:48:30Z","timestamp":1791809310185,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Purpose\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diagnosis of intracranial artery atherosclerosis remains often uncertain. The high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI) enables vessel wall assessment for more precise diagnoses. The aim of the present study was to investigate the etiologies of middle cerebral artery steno-occlusive disease in young adult patients with few atherosclerotic risk factors using HR-MRI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We prospectively studied patients who visited a tertiary hospital in Seoul, Korea, and had (1) unilateral middle cerebral artery disease (\u226550% stenosis or occlusion), (2) were \u226455 years old and had no or minimal (\u22641) atherosclerotic risk factors. We excluded patients with a confirmed diagnosis of Moyamoya disease, vasculitis, or dissection and those having emboligenic sources. A presumptive diagnosis was made based on HR-MRI findings, and patients were categorized as HR-athero (atherosclerotic disease), HR-MMD (Moyamoya disease), HR-dissection, or HR-vasculitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 95 patients analyzed, 26 (27.4%) had HR-athero who were more often male (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.004), smokers (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.018), and had focal stenosis (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.003) than others. As compared with the HR-athero patients, 29 HR-MMD patients were more often female (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001) and more often had occlusive lesions (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.001) and nonfocal stenosis (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001). The 22 HR-dissection patients tended to have hypertension less often, and the 13 HR-vasculitis patients were younger (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.004) and tended to have nonfocal stenosis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In our cohort of young patients with minimal risk factors, atherosclerosis seems to be an uncommon pathology of middle cerebral artery stenosis. HR-MRI aids us to make a more reliable diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.114.008181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,27]],"date-time":"2015-01-27T22:18:35Z","timestamp":1422397115000},"page":"697-703","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Isolated MCA Disease in Patients Without Significant Atherosclerotic Risk Factors"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Sung-Ho","family":"Ahn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology (S.-H.A., J.L., Y.-J.K., S.U.K., D.-W.K., J.S.K.) and Neuroradiology (D.L., S.-C.J.), University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jookyung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology (S.-H.A., J.L., Y.-J.K., S.U.K., D.-W.K., J.S.K.) and Neuroradiology (D.L., S.-C.J.), University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeon-Jung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology (S.-H.A., J.L., Y.-J.K., S.U.K., D.-W.K., J.S.K.) and Neuroradiology (D.L., S.-C.J.), University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sun U.","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology (S.-H.A., J.L., Y.-J.K., S.U.K., D.-W.K., J.S.K.) and Neuroradiology (D.L., S.-C.J.), University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deokhee","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology (S.-H.A., J.L., Y.-J.K., S.U.K., D.-W.K., J.S.K.) and Neuroradiology (D.L., S.-C.J.), University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung-Chai","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology (S.-H.A., J.L., Y.-J.K., S.U.K., D.-W.K., J.S.K.) and Neuroradiology (D.L., S.-C.J.), University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-Wha","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology (S.-H.A., J.L., Y.-J.K., S.U.K., D.-W.K., J.S.K.) and Neuroradiology (D.L., S.-C.J.), University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong S.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology (S.-H.A., J.L., Y.-J.K., S.U.K., D.-W.K., J.S.K.) and Neuroradiology (D.L., S.-C.J.), University of Ulsan, Asan Medical 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