{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T23:12:39Z","timestamp":1788649959432,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Purpose\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Less than 25% of stroke patients arrive to an emergency department within the 3-hour treatment window. Stroke Warning Information and Faster Treatment (SWIFT) compared an interactive intervention (II) with enhanced educational (EE) materials on recurrent stroke arrival times in a prospective cohort of multiethnic stroke\/transient ischemic attack survivors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A single-center randomized controlled trial (2005\u20132011) randomized participants to EE (bilingual stroke preparedness materials) or II (EE plus in-hospital sessions). We assessed differences by randomization in the proportion arriving to emergency department &lt;3 hours, prepost intervention arrival &lt;3 hours, incidence rate ratio for total events, and stroke knowledge and preparedness capacity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      SWIFT randomized 1193 participants (592 EE, 601 II): mean age 63 years; 50% female, 17% black, 51% Hispanic, 26% white. At baseline, 28% arrived to emergency department &lt;3 hours. Over 5 years, first recurrent stroke (n=133), transient ischemic attacks (n=54), or stroke mimics (n=37) were documented in 224 participants. Incidence rate ratio=1.31 (95% confidence interval=1.05\u20131.63; II to EE). Among II, 40% arrived &lt;3 hours versus 46% EE (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.33). In prepost analysis, there was a 49% increase in the proportion arriving &lt;3 hours (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.001), greatest among Hispanics (63%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.003). II had greater stroke knowledge at 1 month (odds ratio=1.63; 1.23\u20132.15). II had higher preparedness capacity at 1 month (odds ratio=3.36; 1.86, 6.10) and 12 months (odds ratio=7.64; 2.49, 23.49).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was no difference in arrival &lt;3 hours overall between II and EE; the proportion arriving &lt;3 hours increased in both groups and in race-ethnic minorities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Trial Registration\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>URL: http:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00415389.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.114.008502","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,11]],"date-time":"2015-06-11T23:17:31Z","timestamp":1434064651000},"page":"1806-1812","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Comparison of Acute Stroke Preparedness Strategies to Decrease Emergency Department Arrival Time in a Multiethnic Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Bernadette","family":"Boden-Albala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Social Epidemiology, Global Institute of Public Health (B.B.-A., E.T.R., L.W.Q., V.T.), Department of Neurology, Langone Medical Center (B.B.-A.), and Department of Epidemiology, College of Dentistry (B.B.-A.), New York University, NY; Department of Emergency Medicine (J.S.), and Department of Neurology (H.M.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco (M.M.G.); Center for Biostatistics, Department..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Stillman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Social Epidemiology, Global Institute of Public Health (B.B.-A., E.T.R., L.W.Q., V.T.), Department of Neurology, Langone Medical Center (B.B.-A.), and Department of Epidemiology, College of Dentistry (B.B.-A.), New York University, NY; Department of Emergency Medicine (J.S.), and Department of Neurology (H.M.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco (M.M.G.); Center for Biostatistics, Department..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric T.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Social Epidemiology, Global Institute of Public Health (B.B.-A., E.T.R., L.W.Q., V.T.), Department of Neurology, Langone Medical Center (B.B.-A.), and Department of Epidemiology, College of Dentistry (B.B.-A.), New York University, NY; Department of Emergency Medicine (J.S.), and Department of Neurology (H.M.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco (M.M.G.); Center for Biostatistics, Department..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leigh W.","family":"Quarles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Social Epidemiology, Global Institute of Public Health (B.B.-A., E.T.R., L.W.Q., V.T.), Department of Neurology, Langone Medical Center (B.B.-A.), and Department of Epidemiology, College of Dentistry (B.B.-A.), New York University, NY; Department of Emergency Medicine (J.S.), and Department of Neurology (H.M.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco (M.M.G.); Center for Biostatistics, Department..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Maria","family":"Glymour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Social Epidemiology, Global Institute of Public Health (B.B.-A., E.T.R., L.W.Q., V.T.), Department of Neurology, Langone Medical Center (B.B.-A.), and Department of Epidemiology, College of Dentistry (B.B.-A.), New York University, NY; Department of Emergency Medicine (J.S.), and Department of Neurology (H.M.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco (M.M.G.); Center for Biostatistics, Department..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Social Epidemiology, Global Institute of Public Health (B.B.-A., E.T.R., L.W.Q., V.T.), Department of Neurology, Langone Medical Center (B.B.-A.), and Department of Epidemiology, College of Dentistry (B.B.-A.), New York University, NY; Department of Emergency Medicine (J.S.), and Department of Neurology (H.M.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco (M.M.G.); Center for Biostatistics, Department..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harmon","family":"Moats","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Social Epidemiology, Global Institute of Public Health (B.B.-A., E.T.R., L.W.Q., V.T.), Department of Neurology, Langone Medical Center (B.B.-A.), and Department of Epidemiology, College of Dentistry (B.B.-A.), New York University, NY; Department of Emergency Medicine (J.S.), and Department of Neurology (H.M.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco (M.M.G.); Center for Biostatistics, Department..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Torrico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Social Epidemiology, Global Institute of Public Health (B.B.-A., E.T.R., L.W.Q., V.T.), Department of Neurology, Langone Medical Center (B.B.-A.), and Department of Epidemiology, College of Dentistry (B.B.-A.), New York University, NY; Department of Emergency Medicine (J.S.), and Department of Neurology (H.M.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco (M.M.G.); Center for Biostatistics, Department..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael C.","family":"Parides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Social Epidemiology, Global Institute of Public Health (B.B.-A., E.T.R., L.W.Q., V.T.), Department of Neurology, Langone Medical Center (B.B.-A.), and Department of Epidemiology, College of Dentistry (B.B.-A.), New York University, NY; Department of Emergency Medicine (J.S.), and Department of Neurology (H.M.), Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco (M.M.G.); Center for Biostatistics, Department..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0116820"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)15692-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2004.06.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000329522"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.111.000017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.609495"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijs.12353"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-4949.2009.00276.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104289"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2010.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","volume-title":"Awareness and Knowledge of Stroke Prevention: A Study of Adults, 50 Years of Age and Over","year":"1996","unstructured":"Awareness and Knowledge of Stroke Prevention: A Study of Adults, 50 Years of Age and Over. 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