{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:09:43Z","timestamp":1785427783774,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background and Purpose\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>It is not known whether racial or ethnic disparities observed with other revascularization procedures are also seen with carotid artery stenting (CAS) and endarterectomy (CEA).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We compared the utilization and outcomes of CAS and CEA across racial\/ethnic groups within the CARE Registry between May 2007 and December 2012.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Between 2007 and 2012, of the 13 129 patients who underwent CAS, majority were non-Hispanic whites (89.3%), followed by blacks (4.4%), Hispanics (4.3%), and other groups (2.0%). A similar distribution was observed among the 10 953 patients undergoing CEA (non-Hispanic whites, 92.6%; blacks, 3.5%; Hispanics, 2.8%; and other groups, 1.1%). During this time period, a trend toward proportionate increase in CAS utilization was observed in non-Hispanic whites and other groups, whereas the opposite was observed among Hispanics and blacks. This trend persisted even when hospitals performing both CAS and CEA were exclusively analyzed. Adherence to antiplatelet and statin therapy was significantly lower among blacks post CEA. In-hospital major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events remained comparable across groups post CAS and CEA. At 30 days, the incidence of stroke (7.2%) and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (8.8%) was higher among blacks post CEA (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.05), after risk adjustment.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>During the study period, utilization of CAS and CEA was highest among non-Hispanic whites. There was a trend toward increased CAS utilization over time among non-Hispanic whites and other groups, and a trend toward increased CEA utilization among Hispanics and blacks. In-hospital major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events remained comparable between groups, whereas 30-day major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events were significantly higher in blacks.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.115.009013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,8]],"date-time":"2015-05-08T03:22:00Z","timestamp":1431055320000},"page":"1525-1532","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Racial\/Ethnic Variation in Carotid Artery Revascularization Utilization and Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Siddharth A.","family":"Wayangankar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.A.W.); Mid America Heart and Vascular Institute, St. Luke\u2019s Hospital, Kansas City, MO (K.F.K.); Michigan Heart and Vascular Institute, Ypsilanti (H.D.A.); Holy Name Medical Center, Teaneck, NJ (J.R.); University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and Veterans\u2019 Affairs Medical Center (A.T., B.P., C.A.S., F.L.); and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (D.D.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin F.","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.A.W.); Mid America Heart and Vascular Institute, St. Luke\u2019s Hospital, Kansas City, MO (K.F.K.); Michigan Heart and Vascular Institute, Ypsilanti (H.D.A.); Holy Name Medical Center, Teaneck, NJ (J.R.); University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and Veterans\u2019 Affairs Medical Center (A.T., B.P., C.A.S., F.L.); and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (D.D.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herbert D.","family":"Aronow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.A.W.); Mid America Heart and Vascular Institute, St. Luke\u2019s Hospital, Kansas City, MO (K.F.K.); Michigan Heart and Vascular Institute, Ypsilanti (H.D.A.); Holy Name Medical Center, Teaneck, NJ (J.R.); University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and Veterans\u2019 Affairs Medical Center (A.T., B.P., C.A.S., F.L.); and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (D.D.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Rundback","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.A.W.); Mid America Heart and Vascular Institute, St. Luke\u2019s Hospital, Kansas City, MO (K.F.K.); Michigan Heart and Vascular Institute, Ypsilanti (H.D.A.); Holy Name Medical Center, Teaneck, NJ (J.R.); University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and Veterans\u2019 Affairs Medical Center (A.T., B.P., C.A.S., F.L.); and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (D.D.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfonso","family":"Tafur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.A.W.); Mid America Heart and Vascular Institute, St. Luke\u2019s Hospital, Kansas City, MO (K.F.K.); Michigan Heart and Vascular Institute, Ypsilanti (H.D.A.); Holy Name Medical Center, Teaneck, NJ (J.R.); University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and Veterans\u2019 Affairs Medical Center (A.T., B.P., C.A.S., F.L.); and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (D.D.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Drachman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.A.W.); Mid America Heart and Vascular Institute, St. Luke\u2019s Hospital, Kansas City, MO (K.F.K.); Michigan Heart and Vascular Institute, Ypsilanti (H.D.A.); Holy Name Medical Center, Teaneck, NJ (J.R.); University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and Veterans\u2019 Affairs Medical Center (A.T., B.P., C.A.S., F.L.); and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (D.D.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhavin","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.A.W.); Mid America Heart and Vascular Institute, St. Luke\u2019s Hospital, Kansas City, MO (K.F.K.); Michigan Heart and Vascular Institute, Ypsilanti (H.D.A.); Holy Name Medical Center, Teaneck, NJ (J.R.); University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and Veterans\u2019 Affairs Medical Center (A.T., B.P., C.A.S., F.L.); and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (D.D.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chittur A.","family":"Sivaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.A.W.); Mid America Heart and Vascular Institute, St. Luke\u2019s Hospital, Kansas City, MO (K.F.K.); Michigan Heart and Vascular Institute, Ypsilanti (H.D.A.); Holy Name Medical Center, Teaneck, NJ (J.R.); University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and Veterans\u2019 Affairs Medical Center (A.T., B.P., C.A.S., F.L.); and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (D.D.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faisal","family":"Latif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (S.A.W.); Mid America Heart and Vascular Institute, St. Luke\u2019s Hospital, Kansas City, MO (K.F.K.); Michigan Heart and Vascular Institute, Ypsilanti (H.D.A.); Holy Name Medical Center, Teaneck, NJ (J.R.); University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center and Veterans\u2019 Affairs Medical Center (A.T., B.P., C.A.S., F.L.); and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (D.D.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fca.12.84"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2010.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2009.07.089"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"480","article-title":"Elective and isolated carotid endarterectomy: health disparities in utilization and outcomes, but not readmission","volume":"99","author":"Kennedy BS","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kennedy BS, Fortmann SP, Stafford RS Elective and isolated carotid endarterectomy: health disparities in utilization and outcomes, but not readmission. J Natl Med Assoc. 2007;99:480\u2013488.","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","first-page":"957","article-title":"Carotid endarterectomy in older women and men in the United States: trends in ethnic disparities","volume":"97","author":"Gillum RF","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gillum RF Carotid endarterectomy in older women and men in the United States: trends in ethnic disparities. J Natl Med Assoc. 2005;97:957\u2013962.","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.30.7.1350"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000043672.42831.eb"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.544866"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(02)75455-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","first-page":"25","article-title":"Does race predict short-term mortality after carotid surgery? The results of a meta-analysis","volume":"94","author":"Kennedy BS","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kennedy BS Does race predict short-term mortality after carotid surgery? The results of a meta-analysis. J Natl Med Assoc. 2002;94:25\u201330.","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-200201001-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-200011000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.516062"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2012.02.050"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.21502"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","unstructured":"United States Census Bureau. http:\/\/quickfacts.census.gov\/qfd\/states\/00000.html. Accessed November 19 2014."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.3.JNS111320"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa040127"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa061752"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69122-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2007.07.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","first-page":"10","article-title":"Cultural sensitivity in public health: defined and demystified","volume":"9","author":"Resnicow K","year":"1999","unstructured":"Resnicow K, Baranowski T, Ahluwalia JS, Braithwaite RL Cultural sensitivity in public health: defined and demystified. Ethn Dis. 1999;9:10\u201321.","journal-title":"Ethn Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2010.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2012.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","first-page":"620","article-title":"Racial differences in the use of aspirin: an important tool for preventing heart disease and stroke","volume":"15","author":"Brown DW","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brown DW, Shepard D, Giles WH, Greenlund KJ, Croft JB Racial differences in the use of aspirin: an important tool for preventing heart disease and stroke. Ethn Dis. 2005;15:620\u2013626.","journal-title":"Ethn Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.922286"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2008.07.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.22.2864"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-1584"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.03576"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000221315.60282.ca"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2011.04.107"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.000328"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1538574413518117"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Avgerinos ED Kakisis JD Moulakakis KG Giannakopoulos TG Sfyroeras G Antonopoulos CN et al.. Statins influence long term restenosis and cardiovascular events following carotid endarterectomy [published online ahead of print June 17 2013]. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. http:\/\/benthamscience.com\/journal\/abstracts.php?journalID=cvp&articleID=111878. doi: 10.2174\/15701611113119990130. Accessed March 29 2015.","DOI":"10.2174\/15701611113119990130"}],"container-title":["Stroke"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.009013","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T14:07:52Z","timestamp":1715609272000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.009013"}},"subtitle":["Analysis From the National Cardiovascular Data Registry"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.009013"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/strokeaha.115.009013","relation":{},"ISSN":["0039-2499","1524-4628"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0039-2499","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4628","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-02-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-04-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-05-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}