{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:58:57Z","timestamp":1792000737378,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background and Purpose\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Cognitive assessment is recommended after stroke but there are few data on the applicability of short cognitive tests to the full spectrum of patients. We therefore determined the rates, causes, and associates of untestability in a population-based study of all transient ischemic attack (TIA) and stroke.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Patients with TIA or stroke prospectively recruited (2002\u20132007) into the Oxford Vascular Study had \u22651 short cognitive test (mini-mental state examination, telephone interview of cognitive status, Montreal cognitive assessment, and abbreviated mental test score) at baseline and on follow-up to 5 years.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Among 1097 consecutive assessed survivors (mean: age\/SD, 74.8\/12.1 years; 378 TIA), numbers testable with a short cognitive test at baseline, 1, 6, 12, and 60 months were 835\/1097 (76%), 778\/947 (82%), 756\/857 (88%), 692\/792 (87%), and 472\/567 (83%). Eighty-eight percent (331\/378) of assessed patients with TIA were testable at baseline compared with only 46% (133\/290) of major stroke (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001). Untestability was also associated with older age, premorbid dependency, death on follow-up, and with both pre- and postevent dementia (all\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.01). Untestability (and problems with testing) were commonly caused by acute stroke effects at baseline (153\/262 [58%]: dysphasia\/anarthria\/hemiparesis=84 [32%], drowsiness=58 [22%], and acute confusion=11 [4%]), whereas sensory deficits caused relatively more problems with testing at later time points (24\/63 [38%] at 5 years).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Substantial numbers of patients with TIA and stroke are untestable with short cognitive tests. Future studies should report data on untestable patients and those with problems with testing in whom the likelihood of dementia is high.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.115.010290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,14]],"date-time":"2015-10-14T02:58:52Z","timestamp":1444791532000},"page":"3067-3073","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Methodological Factors in Determining Risk of Dementia After Transient Ischemic Attack and Stroke"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Sarah T.","family":"Pendlebury","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (S.T.P., S.P.K., R.J.T., Z.M., R.M.W., P.M.R.); and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom (S.T.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen P.","family":"Klaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (S.T.P., S.P.K., R.J.T., Z.M., R.M.W., P.M.R.); and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom (S.T.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ross J.","family":"Thomson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (S.T.P., S.P.K., R.J.T., Z.M., R.M.W., P.M.R.); and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom (S.T.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyah","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (S.T.P., S.P.K., R.J.T., Z.M., R.M.W., P.M.R.); and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom (S.T.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rose M.","family":"Wharton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (S.T.P., S.P.K., R.J.T., Z.M., R.M.W., P.M.R.); and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom (S.T.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter M.","family":"Rothwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Stroke Prevention Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (S.T.P., S.P.K., R.J.T., Z.M., R.M.W., P.M.R.); and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom (S.T.P.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the Oxford Vascular Study","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0b013e3182299496"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70236-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.004658"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.005842"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.633586"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000355496"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijs.12506"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.008043"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.009065"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.171.5.449"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afs157"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afs042"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13111"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","first-page":"111","article-title":"The telephone interview for cognitive status.","volume":"1","author":"Brandt J","year":"1988","unstructured":"Brandt J, Spencer M, Folstein M. The telephone interview for cognitive status. Neuropsychiatr Neuropsychol Behavioral Neurol 1988;1:111\u2013117.","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Neuropsychol Behavioral Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/1.4.233"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16405-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67702-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.str.0000137605.48864.2f"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","first-page":"541","article-title":"Experience from a multicentre stroke register: a preliminary report.","volume":"54","author":"Hatano S.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Hatano S. Experience from a multicentre stroke register: a preliminary report. Bull World Health Organ. 1976;54:541\u2013553.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-303585"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31826b951e"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003693305700200504"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","first-page":"61","article-title":"Functional Evaluation: the Barthel Index.","volume":"14","author":"Mahoney FI","year":"1965","unstructured":"Mahoney FI, Barthel DW. Functional Evaluation: the Barthel Index. Md State Med J. 1965;14:61\u201365.","journal-title":"Md State Med J"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000237236.88823.47"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.112.673384"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.579888"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61803-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617705050952"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-012-6819-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12505"}],"container-title":["Stroke"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.010290","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T14:22:36Z","timestamp":1715610156000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.010290"}},"subtitle":["(III) Applicability of Cognitive Tests"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.010290"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/strokeaha.115.010290","relation":{},"ISSN":["0039-2499","1524-4628"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0039-2499","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4628","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-06-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-09-08","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-10-13","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}