{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T09:24:11Z","timestamp":1783502651497,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background and Purpose\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We hypothesized that comorbid amyloid-beta (A\u03b2) deposition played a key role in long-term cognitive decline in subjects with stroke\/transient ischemic attack.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We recruited 72 subjects with cognitive impairment after stroke\/transient ischemic attack to receive Carbon-11-labeled Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography. We excluded subjects with known clinical Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Those with and without Alzheimer\u2019s disease\u2013like A\u03b2 deposition were classified as mixed vascular cognitive impairment (mVCI, n=14) and pure VCI (pVCI, n=58), respectively. We performed Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment to evaluate global cognition and cognitive domains (memory, visuospatial function, language, attention, and executive function) at 3 to 6 months (baseline) and annually for 3 years after the index event. We compared cognitive changes between mVCI and pVCI using linear mixed models and analysis of covariance adjusted for age and education.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Over 3 years, there were significant differences between mVCI and pVCI on change of MMSE score over time (group\u00d7time interaction,\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.007). We observed a significant decline on MMSE score (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.020) in the mVCI group but not in the pVCI group (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.208). The annual rates of decline on MMSE (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.023) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment score (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.003) were greater in the mVCI group than in the pVCI group. Memory, visuospatial, and executive function domain scores on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment were related to A\u03b2 deposition.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Compared with subjects without Alzheimer\u2019s disease\u2013like A\u03b2 deposition, those with A\u03b2 deposition experienced a more severe and rapid cognitive decline over 3 years after stroke\/transient ischemic attack. A\u03b2 was associated with changes in multiple cognitive domains.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.115.010449","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,18]],"date-time":"2015-09-18T08:48:21Z","timestamp":1442566101000},"page":"3074-3080","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Influence of Amyloid-\u03b2 on Cognitive Decline After Stroke\/Transient Ischemic Attack"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Wenyan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (W.L., A.W., L.A., Z.W., V.C.T.M.); Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China (J.Y.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong, China (E.Y.L.L., S.C., C.L.H.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (W.L., A.W., L.A., Z.W., V.C.T.M.); Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China (J.Y.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong, China (E.Y.L.L., S.C., C.L.H.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Au","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (W.L., A.W., L.A., Z.W., V.C.T.M.); Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China (J.Y.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong, China (E.Y.L.L., S.C., C.L.H.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (W.L., A.W., L.A., Z.W., V.C.T.M.); Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China (J.Y.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong, China (E.Y.L.L., S.C., C.L.H.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaolu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (W.L., A.W., L.A., Z.W., V.C.T.M.); Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China (J.Y.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong, China (E.Y.L.L., S.C., C.L.H.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric Y.L.","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (W.L., A.W., L.A., Z.W., V.C.T.M.); Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China (J.Y.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong, China (E.Y.L.L., S.C., C.L.H.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sirong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (W.L., A.W., L.A., Z.W., V.C.T.M.); Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China (J.Y.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong, China (E.Y.L.L., S.C., C.L.H.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi L.","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (W.L., A.W., L.A., Z.W., V.C.T.M.); Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China (J.Y.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong, China (E.Y.L.L., S.C., C.L.H.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent C.T.","family":"Mok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (W.L., A.W., L.A., Z.W., V.C.T.M.); Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China (J.Y.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong, China (E.Y.L.L., S.C., C.L.H.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2007.01171.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2013.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.140.6.566"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","first-page":"25","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Cantonese version of mini-mental state examination \u2013 a preliminary study","volume":"4","author":"Chiu HFK","year":"1994","unstructured":"Chiu HFK, Chung WS, Kwong PK. 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