{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T06:33:46Z","timestamp":1790404426713,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background and Purpose\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>It was recently demonstrated that cerebral microinfarcts (CMIs) can be detected in vivo using 3.0 tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging. We investigated the prevalence, risk factors, and the longitudinal cognitive consequence of cortical CMIs on 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging, in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A total of 231 patients undergoing 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging were included. Montreal Cognitive Assessment was used to evaluate global cognitive functions and cognitive domains (memory, language, and attention visuospatial and executive functions). Cognitive changes were represented by the difference in Montreal Cognitive Assessment score between baseline and 28-month after stroke\/transient ischemic attack. The cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between cortical CMIs and cognitive functions were explored using ANCOVA and regression models.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Cortical CMIs were observed in 34 patients (14.7%), including 13 patients with acute (hyperintense on diffusion-weighted imaging) and 21 with chronic CMIs (isointense on diffusion-weighted imaging). Atrial fibrillation was a risk factor for all cortical CMIs (odds ratio, 4.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.5\u201314.9;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.007). Confluent white matter hyperintensities was associated with chronic CMIs (odds ratio, 2.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.0\u20137.8;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.047). The presence of cortical CMIs at baseline was associated with worse visuospatial functions at baseline and decline over 28-month follow-up (\u03b2=0.5; 95% confidence interval, 0.1\u20131.0;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.008, adjusting for brain atrophy, white matter hyperintensities, lacunes, and microbleeds).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Cortical CMIs are a common finding in patients with stroke\/transient ischemic attack. Associations between CMI with atrial fibrillation and white matter hyperintensities suggest that these lesions have a heterogeneous cause, involving microembolism and cerebral small vessel disease. CMI seemed to preferentially impact visuospatial functions as assessed by a cognitive screening test.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.115.012278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,19]],"date-time":"2016-08-19T03:19:08Z","timestamp":1471576748000},"page":"2450-2455","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Risk Factors and Cognitive Relevance of Cortical Cerebral Microinfarcts in Patients With Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Zhaolu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics (Z.W., A.W., W.L., L.S., A.L., V.C.T.M.), Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Centre for Prevention of Dementia (A.W., L.S., V.C.T.M.), Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine (A.W., L.S., V.C.T.M.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China (Z.W.); Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands (S.J.v..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne J.","family":"van Veluw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics (Z.W., A.W., W.L., L.S., A.L., V.C.T.M.), Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Centre for Prevention of Dementia (A.W., L.S., V.C.T.M.), Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine (A.W., L.S., V.C.T.M.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China (Z.W.); Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands (S.J.v..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics (Z.W., A.W., W.L., L.S., A.L., V.C.T.M.), Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Centre for Prevention of Dementia (A.W., L.S., V.C.T.M.), Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine (A.W., L.S., V.C.T.M.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China (Z.W.); Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands (S.J.v..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenyan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics (Z.W., A.W., W.L., L.S., A.L., V.C.T.M.), Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Centre for Prevention of Dementia (A.W., L.S., V.C.T.M.), Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine (A.W., L.S., V.C.T.M.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China (Z.W.); Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands (S.J.v..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics (Z.W., A.W., W.L., L.S., A.L., V.C.T.M.), Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Centre for Prevention of Dementia (A.W., L.S., V.C.T.M.), Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine (A.W., L.S., V.C.T.M.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China (Z.W.); Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands (S.J.v..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics (Z.W., A.W., W.L., L.S., A.L., V.C.T.M.), Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Centre for Prevention of Dementia (A.W., L.S., V.C.T.M.), Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine (A.W., L.S., V.C.T.M.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China (Z.W.); Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands (S.J.v..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunyun","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics (Z.W., A.W., W.L., L.S., A.L., V.C.T.M.), Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Centre for Prevention of Dementia (A.W., L.S., V.C.T.M.), Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine (A.W., L.S., V.C.T.M.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China (Z.W.); Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands (S.J.v..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics (Z.W., A.W., W.L., L.S., A.L., V.C.T.M.), Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Centre for Prevention of Dementia (A.W., L.S., V.C.T.M.), Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine (A.W., L.S., V.C.T.M.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China (Z.W.); Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands (S.J.v..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geert Jan","family":"Biessels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics (Z.W., A.W., W.L., L.S., A.L., V.C.T.M.), Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Centre for Prevention of Dementia (A.W., L.S., V.C.T.M.), Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine (A.W., L.S., V.C.T.M.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China (Z.W.); Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands (S.J.v..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent C.T.","family":"Mok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics (Z.W., A.W., W.L., L.S., A.L., V.C.T.M.), Therese Pei Fong Chow Research Centre for Prevention of Dementia (A.W., L.S., V.C.T.M.), Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine (A.W., L.S., V.C.T.M.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China; Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China (Z.W.); Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands (S.J.v..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2011.200"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70307-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2012.196"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.007568"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6569.2012.00722.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.24.1.35"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000232589"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70236-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12541"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000237236.88823.47"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-304041"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.32.6.1318"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-011-0851-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(200002)47:2<145::AID-ANA3>3.0.CO;2-P"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.55.10.967"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70013-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0081388"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr273"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000024523.82311.77"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2014.73"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-131040"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.001945"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hct129"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-011-0925-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1997.77.5.2268"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC.2012.6346484"}],"container-title":["Stroke"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.012278","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T14:00:40Z","timestamp":1715608840000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.012278"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.012278"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/strokeaha.115.012278","relation":{},"ISSN":["0039-2499","1524-4628"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0039-2499","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4628","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-11-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-07-18","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-08-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}