{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T08:56:22Z","timestamp":1787907382497,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background and Purpose\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Dysphagia is common after stroke, associated with increased death and dependency, and treatment options are limited. Pharyngeal electric stimulation (PES) is a novel treatment for poststroke dysphagia that has shown promise in 3 pilot randomized controlled trials.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We randomly assigned 162 patients with a recent ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke and dysphagia, defined as a penetration aspiration score (PAS) of \u22653 on video fluoroscopy, to PES or sham treatment given on 3 consecutive days. The primary outcome was swallowing safety, assessed using the PAS, at 2 weeks. Secondary outcomes included dysphagia severity, function, quality of life, and serious adverse events at 6 and 12 weeks.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              In randomized patients, the mean age was 74 years, male 58%, ischemic stroke 89%, and PAS 4.8. The mean treatment current was 14.8 (7.9) mA and duration 9.9 (1.2) minutes per session. On the basis of previous data, 45 patients (58.4%) randomized to PES seemed to receive suboptimal stimulation. The PAS at 2 weeks, adjusted for baseline, did not differ between the randomized groups: PES 3.7 (2.0) versus sham 3.6 (1.9),\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.60. Similarly, the secondary outcomes did not differ, including clinical swallowing and functional outcome. No serious adverse device-related events occurred.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In patients with subacute stroke and dysphagia, PES was safe but did not improve dysphagia. Undertreatment of patients receiving PES may have contributed to the neutral result.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Clinical Trial Registration\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              URL:\n              <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.controlled-trials.com\">http:\/\/www.controlled-trials.com<\/jats:ext-link>\n              . Unique identifier: ISRCTN25681641.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.115.012455","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,11]],"date-time":"2016-05-11T05:56:20Z","timestamp":1462946180000},"page":"1562-1570","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":130,"title":["Pharyngeal Electrical Stimulation for Treatment of Dysphagia in Subacute Stroke"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Philip M.","family":"Bath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom (P.M.B., P.S.); Phagenesis, Ltd, Manchester Science Park, United Kingdom (J.L.); Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Hospital de Matar\u00f3, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Matar\u00f3, Spain (P.C.); Stroke Service, Northwick Park Hospital, London, United Kingdom (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital M\u00fcnster, Germany (R.D.); Department of..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Polly","family":"Scutt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom (P.M.B., P.S.); Phagenesis, Ltd, Manchester Science Park, United Kingdom (J.L.); Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Hospital de Matar\u00f3, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Matar\u00f3, Spain (P.C.); Stroke Service, Northwick Park Hospital, London, United Kingdom (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital M\u00fcnster, Germany (R.D.); Department of..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo","family":"Love","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom (P.M.B., P.S.); Phagenesis, Ltd, Manchester Science Park, United Kingdom (J.L.); Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Hospital de Matar\u00f3, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Matar\u00f3, Spain (P.C.); Stroke Service, Northwick Park Hospital, London, United Kingdom (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital M\u00fcnster, Germany (R.D.); Department of..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pere","family":"Clav\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom (P.M.B., P.S.); Phagenesis, Ltd, Manchester Science Park, United Kingdom (J.L.); Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Hospital de Matar\u00f3, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Matar\u00f3, Spain (P.C.); Stroke Service, Northwick Park Hospital, London, United Kingdom (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital M\u00fcnster, Germany (R.D.); Department of..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom (P.M.B., P.S.); Phagenesis, Ltd, Manchester Science Park, United Kingdom (J.L.); Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Hospital de Matar\u00f3, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Matar\u00f3, Spain (P.C.); Stroke Service, Northwick Park Hospital, London, United Kingdom (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital M\u00fcnster, Germany (R.D.); Department of..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Dziewas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom (P.M.B., P.S.); Phagenesis, Ltd, Manchester Science Park, United Kingdom (J.L.); Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Hospital de Matar\u00f3, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Matar\u00f3, Spain (P.C.); Stroke Service, Northwick Park Hospital, London, United Kingdom (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital M\u00fcnster, Germany (R.D.); Department of..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helle K.","family":"Iversen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom (P.M.B., P.S.); Phagenesis, Ltd, Manchester Science Park, United Kingdom (J.L.); Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Hospital de Matar\u00f3, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Matar\u00f3, Spain (P.C.); Stroke Service, Northwick Park Hospital, London, United Kingdom (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital M\u00fcnster, Germany (R.D.); Department of..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Ledl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom (P.M.B., P.S.); Phagenesis, Ltd, Manchester Science Park, United Kingdom (J.L.); Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Hospital de Matar\u00f3, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Matar\u00f3, Spain (P.C.); Stroke Service, Northwick Park Hospital, London, United Kingdom (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital M\u00fcnster, Germany (R.D.); Department of..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Ragab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom (P.M.B., P.S.); Phagenesis, Ltd, Manchester Science Park, United Kingdom (J.L.); Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Hospital de Matar\u00f3, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Matar\u00f3, Spain (P.C.); Stroke Service, Northwick Park Hospital, London, United Kingdom (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital M\u00fcnster, Germany (R.D.); Department of..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Soda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom (P.M.B., P.S.); Phagenesis, Ltd, Manchester Science Park, United Kingdom (J.L.); Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Hospital de Matar\u00f3, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Matar\u00f3, Spain (P.C.); Stroke Service, Northwick Park Hospital, London, United Kingdom (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital M\u00fcnster, Germany (R.D.); Department of..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anushka","family":"Warusevitane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom (P.M.B., P.S.); Phagenesis, Ltd, Manchester Science Park, United Kingdom (J.L.); Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Hospital de Matar\u00f3, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Matar\u00f3, Spain (P.C.); Stroke Service, Northwick Park Hospital, London, United Kingdom (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital M\u00fcnster, Germany (R.D.); Department of..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginie","family":"Woisard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom (P.M.B., P.S.); Phagenesis, Ltd, Manchester Science Park, United Kingdom (J.L.); Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Hospital de Matar\u00f3, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Matar\u00f3, Spain (P.C.); Stroke Service, Northwick Park Hospital, London, United Kingdom (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital M\u00fcnster, Germany (R.D.); Department of..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaheen","family":"Hamdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom (P.M.B., P.S.); Phagenesis, Ltd, Manchester Science Park, United Kingdom (J.L.); Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Hospital de Matar\u00f3, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Matar\u00f3, Spain (P.C.); Stroke Service, Northwick Park Hospital, London, United Kingdom (D.C.); 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