{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:12:22Z","timestamp":1790665942440,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background and Purpose\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>There is a strong dose\u2013response relationship between smoking and risk of ischemic stroke in young women, but there are few data examining this association in young men. We examined the dose\u2013response relationship between the quantity of cigarettes smoked and the odds of developing an ischemic stroke in men under age 50 years.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              The Stroke Prevention in Young Men Study is a population-based case\u2013control study of risk factors for ischemic stroke in men ages 15 to 49 years. The \u03c7\n              <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n              test was used to test categorical comparisons. Logistic regression models were used to calculate the odds ratio for ischemic stroke occurrence comparing current and former smokers to never smokers. In the first model, we adjusted solely for age. In the second model, we adjusted for potential confounding factors, including age, race, education, hypertension, myocardial infarction, angina, diabetes mellitus, and body mass index.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The study population consisted of 615 cases and 530 controls. The odds ratio for the current smoking group compared with never smokers was 1.88. Furthermore, when the current smoking group was stratified by number of cigarettes smoked, there was a dose\u2013response relationship for the odds ratio, ranging from 1.46 for those smoking &lt;11 cigarettes per day to 5.66 for those smoking 40+ cigarettes per day.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We found a strong dose\u2013response relationship between the number of cigarettes smoked daily and ischemic stroke among young men. Although complete smoking cessation is the goal, even smoking fewer cigarettes may reduce the risk of ischemic stroke in young men.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.117.018859","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,19]],"date-time":"2018-04-19T09:05:24Z","timestamp":1524128724000},"page":"1276-1278","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":115,"title":["Smoking and Risk of Ischemic Stroke in Young Men"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Janina","family":"Markidan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (J.M.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John W.","family":"Cole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Maryland School of Medicine (J.W.C., C.A.C., J.G.M., M.S.P., M.A.W., S.J.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn A.","family":"Cronin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Maryland School of Medicine (J.W.C., C.A.C., J.G.M., M.S.P., M.A.W., S.J.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose G.","family":"Merino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Maryland School of Medicine (J.W.C., C.A.C., J.G.M., M.S.P., M.A.W., S.J.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Phipps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Maryland School of Medicine (J.W.C., C.A.C., J.G.M., M.S.P., M.A.W., S.J.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcella A.","family":"Wozniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Maryland School of Medicine (J.W.C., C.A.C., J.G.M., M.S.P., M.A.W., S.J.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven J.","family":"Kittner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Maryland School of Medicine (J.W.C., C.A.C., J.G.M., M.S.P., M.A.W., S.J.K.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.0020"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/cir.0000000000000350"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.28.10.1913"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.112.665190"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.510073"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.311.7019.1530"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1990.00530060107027"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.116.015565"}],"container-title":["Stroke"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.117.018859","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T15:17:08Z","timestamp":1715613428000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.117.018859"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/STROKEAHA.117.018859"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/strokeaha.117.018859","relation":{},"ISSN":["0039-2499","1524-4628"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0039-2499","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4628","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-11-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-02-26","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-04-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}