{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T08:11:58Z","timestamp":1790237518871,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background and Purpose\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Transient ischemic attack (TIA) initiates an ischemic cascade without resulting in frank infarction and, as such, represents a novel model to study the effects of this ischemic cascade and secondary neurodegeneration in humans.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Patients with suspected TIA underwent acute brain perfusion imaging, and those with acute ischemia were enrolled into a prospective observational study. We collected baseline and 90-day magnetic resonance imaging, including MP-RAGE (high-resolution T1 sequence) and cognitive assessment with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Brain morphometry and within patient statistical analysis were performed to identify changes between baseline and 90-day imaging and clinical assessments.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Fifty patients with TIA with acute perfusion lesions were studied. All patients experienced a decrease in global cortical gray matter (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.005). Patients with anterior circulation TIA (n=31) also had a significant reduction in the volume of the pons (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001), ipsilesional parietal lobe (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001), occipital lobe (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.002), frontal lobe (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001), temporal lobe (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.003), and thalamus (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.016). Patients with an anterior perfusion lesion on acute imaging also had a significant decrease in Montreal Cognitive Assessment between baseline and day 90 (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.027), which may be related to the volume of thalamic atrophy (\n              <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n              =0.28;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.009).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In a prospective observational study, patients with TIA confirmed by acute perfusion imaging experienced a significant reduction in global gray matter and focal structural atrophy related to the area of acute ischemia. The atrophy also resulted in a proportional decreased cognitive performance on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Further studies are required to identify the mechanisms of this atrophy.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.117.019276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,4]],"date-time":"2018-01-04T10:08:13Z","timestamp":1515060493000},"page":"384-390","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Transient Ischemic Attack Results in Delayed Brain Atrophy and Cognitive Decline"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"Bivard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital (A.B., T.L., C.G.-E., V.K., C.R.L., M.P.) and Hunter Medical Research Institute (A.B., T.L., C.G.-E., E.H., V.K., C.R.L., M.P.), University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare HC CEMEA SUI DI PI, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.M.); Department of Radiology, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.M.); and LTS5, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.M.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Lillicrap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital (A.B., T.L., C.G.-E., V.K., C.R.L., M.P.) and Hunter Medical Research Institute (A.B., T.L., C.G.-E., E.H., V.K., C.R.L., M.P.), University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare HC CEMEA SUI DI PI, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.M.); Department of Radiology, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.M.); and LTS5, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.M.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B\u00e9n\u00e9dicte","family":"Mar\u00e9chal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital (A.B., T.L., C.G.-E., V.K., C.R.L., M.P.) and Hunter Medical Research Institute (A.B., T.L., C.G.-E., E.H., V.K., C.R.L., M.P.), University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare HC CEMEA SUI DI PI, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.M.); Department of Radiology, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.M.); and LTS5, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.M.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Garcia-Esperon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital (A.B., T.L., C.G.-E., V.K., C.R.L., M.P.) and Hunter Medical Research Institute (A.B., T.L., C.G.-E., E.H., V.K., C.R.L., M.P.), University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare HC CEMEA SUI DI PI, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.M.); Department of Radiology, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.M.); and LTS5, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.M.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Holliday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital (A.B., T.L., C.G.-E., V.K., C.R.L., M.P.) and Hunter Medical Research Institute (A.B., T.L., C.G.-E., E.H., V.K., C.R.L., M.P.), University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare HC CEMEA SUI DI PI, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.M.); Department of Radiology, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.M.); and LTS5, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.M.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Venkatesh","family":"Krishnamurthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital (A.B., T.L., C.G.-E., V.K., C.R.L., M.P.) and Hunter Medical Research Institute (A.B., T.L., C.G.-E., E.H., V.K., C.R.L., M.P.), University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare HC CEMEA SUI DI PI, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.M.); Department of Radiology, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.M.); and LTS5, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.M.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher R.","family":"Levi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital (A.B., T.L., C.G.-E., V.K., C.R.L., M.P.) and Hunter Medical Research Institute (A.B., T.L., C.G.-E., E.H., V.K., C.R.L., M.P.), University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare HC CEMEA SUI DI PI, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.M.); Department of Radiology, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.M.); and LTS5, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.M.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Parsons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology, John Hunter Hospital (A.B., T.L., C.G.-E., V.K., C.R.L., M.P.) and Hunter Medical Research Institute (A.B., T.L., C.G.-E., E.H., V.K., C.R.L., M.P.), University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthcare HC CEMEA SUI DI PI, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.M.); Department of Radiology, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.M.); and LTS5, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland (B.M.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004010050392"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(90)90327-Z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.633255"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(91)90047-W"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.22.5.615"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000381105"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21344"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsb020987"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2007.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr257"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2011.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.573287"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.046375"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000115767.17923.6A"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000240057.71766.71"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2017.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.577650"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.27.12.2225"}],"container-title":["Stroke"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/full\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.117.019276","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T14:51:01Z","timestamp":1715611861000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.117.019276"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1161\/STROKEAHA.117.019276"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/strokeaha.117.019276","relation":{},"ISSN":["0039-2499","1524-4628"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0039-2499","type":"print"},{"value":"1524-4628","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-08-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-10-27","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-01-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}