{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:55:21Z","timestamp":1787018121722,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Purpose\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Perturbations in cerebral microcirculation (eg, microvasospasms) and reduced neurovascular communication determine outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). ET-1 (endothelin-1) and its receptors have been implicated in the pathophysiology of large artery spasms after SAH; however, their role in the development of microvascular dysfunction is currently unknown. Here, we investigated whether inhibiting ET\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                      (endothelin A) receptors can reduce microvasospasms after experimentally induced SAH.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      SAH was induced in male C57BL\/6 mice by filament perforation of the middle cerebral artery. Three hours after SAH, a cranial window was prepared and the pial and parenchymal cerebral microcirculation was measured in vivo using two-photon microscopy before, during, and after administration of the ET\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                      receptor inhibitor clazosentan. In separate experiments, the effect of clazosentan treatment on neurological outcome was measured 3 days after SAH.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clazosentan treatment had no effect on the number or severity of SAH-induced cerebral microvasospasms nor did it affect neurological outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our results indicate that ET\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                      receptors, which mediate large artery spasms after SAH, do not seem to play a role in the development of microarterial spasms, suggesting that posthemorrhagic spasms are mediated by distinct mechanisms in large and small cerebral vessels. Given that cerebral microvessel dysfunction is a key factor for outcome after SAH, further research into the mechanisms that underlie posthemorrhagic microvasospasms is urgently needed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.117.020028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,8]],"date-time":"2018-02-08T05:11:36Z","timestamp":1518066696000},"page":"693-699","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Microvasospasms After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Do Not Depend on Endothelin A Receptors"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Hanhan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (H.L., S.M.S., K.N., N.P., N.A.T.), Department of Neurosurgery (A.D., K.S., N.A.T.), Walter-Brendel-Center for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (A.D., N.A.T.), and Department of Anesthesiology (S.M.S.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Giessen, Germany (K.S.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ari","family":"Dienel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (H.L., S.M.S., K.N., N.P., N.A.T.), Department of Neurosurgery (A.D., K.S., N.A.T.), Walter-Brendel-Center for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (A.D., N.A.T.), and Department of Anesthesiology (S.M.S.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Giessen, Germany (K.S.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karsten","family":"Sch\u00f6ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (H.L., S.M.S., K.N., N.P., N.A.T.), Department of Neurosurgery (A.D., K.S., N.A.T.), Walter-Brendel-Center for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (A.D., N.A.T.), and Department of Anesthesiology (S.M.S.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Giessen, Germany (K.S.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne M.","family":"Schwarzmaier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (H.L., S.M.S., K.N., N.P., N.A.T.), Department of Neurosurgery (A.D., K.S., N.A.T.), Walter-Brendel-Center for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (A.D., N.A.T.), and Department of Anesthesiology (S.M.S.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Giessen, Germany (K.S.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathrin","family":"Nehrkorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (H.L., S.M.S., K.N., N.P., N.A.T.), Department of Neurosurgery (A.D., K.S., N.A.T.), Walter-Brendel-Center for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (A.D., N.A.T.), and Department of Anesthesiology (S.M.S.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Giessen, Germany (K.S.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaus","family":"Plesnila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (H.L., S.M.S., K.N., N.P., N.A.T.), Department of Neurosurgery (A.D., K.S., N.A.T.), Walter-Brendel-Center for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (A.D., N.A.T.), and Department of Anesthesiology (S.M.S.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Giessen, Germany (K.S.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole A.","family":"Terpolilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) (H.L., S.M.S., K.N., N.P., N.A.T.), Department of Neurosurgery (A.D., K.S., N.A.T.), Walter-Brendel-Center for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (A.D., N.A.T.), and Department of Anesthesiology (S.M.S.), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; 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