{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T22:35:57Z","timestamp":1786746957456,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Purpose\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a unique cerebrovascular occlusive disease characterized by progressive stenosis and negative remodeling of the distal internal carotid artery (ICA). We hypothesized that cav-1 (caveolin-1)\u2014a protein that controls the regulation of endothelial vesicular trafficking and signal transduction\u2014is associated with negative remodeling in MMD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We prospectively recruited 77 consecutive patients with MMD diagnosed via conventional angiography. Seventeen patients with intracranial atherosclerotic stroke and no\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">RNF213<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutation served as controls. The outer distal ICA diameters were examined using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. We evaluated whether the degree of negative remodeling in the patients with MMD was associated with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">RNF213<\/jats:italic>\n                      polymorphism, cav-1 levels, or various clinical and vascular risk factors. We also investigated whether the derived factor was associated with negative remodeling at the cellular level using the tube formation and apoptosis assays.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The serum cav-1 level was lower in the patients with MMD than in the controls (0.47\u00b10.29 versus 0.86\u00b10.68 ng\/mL;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.034). The mean ICA diameter was 2.48\u00b10.98 mm for the 126 affected distal ICAs in patients with MMD and 3.84\u00b10.42 mm for the asymptomatic ICAs in the controls (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001). After adjusting for confounders, cav-1 levels (coefficient, 1.018;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001) were independently associated with the distal ICA diameter in patients with MMD. In vitro analysis showed that cav-1 downregulation suppressed angiogenesis in the endothelial cells and induced apoptosis in the smooth muscle cells.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggest that cav-1 may play a major role in negative arterial remodeling in MMD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.118.021888","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,15]],"date-time":"2018-10-15T05:14:56Z","timestamp":1539580496000},"page":"2597-2604","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Cav-1 (Caveolin-1) and Arterial Remodeling in Adult Moyamoya Disease"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Jong-Won","family":"Chung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke (J.-W.C., D.H.K., M.J.O.,Y.H.C., E.H.K., O.Y.B.), Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Neurology (J.-W.C., G.-M.K., O.Y.B.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke (J.-W.C., D.H.K., M.J.O.,Y.H.C., E.H.K., O.Y.B.), Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (D.H.K., O.Y.B.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mi Jeong","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke (J.-W.C., D.H.K., M.J.O.,Y.H.C., E.H.K., O.Y.B.), Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute (M.J.O., Y.H.C., E.H.K., O.Y.B.), Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeon Hee","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke (J.-W.C., D.H.K., M.J.O.,Y.H.C., E.H.K., O.Y.B.), Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute (M.J.O., Y.H.C., E.H.K., O.Y.B.), Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Translational and Stem Cell Research Laboratory on Stroke (J.-W.C., D.H.K., M.J.O.,Y.H.C., E.H.K., O.Y.B.), Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute (M.J.O., Y.H.C., E.H.K., O.Y.B.), Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gyeong Joon","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea (G.J.M.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang-Seok","family":"Ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics (C.-S.K.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jihoon","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Yonsei University Medical Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keon Ha","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology (K.H.K., P.J.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pyoung","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology (K.H.K., P.J.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Je Young","family":"Yeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery (J.Y.Y., J.-S.K., S.C.H.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gyeong-Moon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology 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