{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T11:37:35Z","timestamp":1779363455159,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background and Purpose\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              The role of dietary fat on cardiovascular health and mortality remains under debate. Because the APOE is central to the transport and metabolism of lipids, we examined associations between plasma fatty acids and the risk of stroke, coronary heart disease, and mortality by\n              <jats:italic>APOE-\u03b54<\/jats:italic>\n              genotype.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We included 943 FHS (Framingham Heart Study) and 1406 3C (Three-City) Bordeaux Study participants. Plasma docosahexaenoic, linoleic, arachidonic, and palmitic fatty acids were measured at baseline by gas chromatography. All-cause stroke, ischemic stroke, coronary heart disease, and all-cause mortality events were identified prospectively using standardized protocols. Each cohort used Cox models to separately relate fatty acid levels to the risk of developing each event during \u226410 years of follow-up adjusting for potential confounders and stratifying by APOE genotype (\u03b54 carriers versus noncarriers). We then meta-analyzed summary statistics using random-effects models.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              On average, participants had a mean age of 74 years, 61% were women, and 21% (n=483) were\n              <jats:italic>APOE-\u03b54<\/jats:italic>\n              carriers. Meta-analysis results showed that, only among\n              <jats:italic>APOE-\u03b54<\/jats:italic>\n              carriers, every SD unit increase in linoleic acid was associated with a reduced risk of all-cause stroke (hazard ratio [HR], 0.54 [95% CI, 0.38\u20130.78]), ischemic stroke (HR, 0.48 [95% CI, 0.33\u20130.71]), and all-cause mortality (HR, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.57\u20130.85]). In contrast, every SD unit increase in palmitic acid was related to an increased risk of all-cause stroke (HR, 1.58 [95% CI, 1.16\u20132.17]), ischemic stroke (HR, 1.76 [95% CI, 1.26\u20132.45]), and coronary heart disease (HR, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.09\u20132.01]), also in\n              <jats:italic>APOE-\u03b54<\/jats:italic>\n              carriers only. Results for docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid were heterogeneous between cohorts.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              These exploratory results suggest that\n              <jats:italic>APOE-\u03b54<\/jats:italic>\n              carriers may be more susceptible to the beneficial or adverse impact of fatty acids on cardiovascular disease and mortality. In this subgroup, higher linoleic acid was protective for stroke and mortality, whereas palmitic acid was a risk factor for stroke and coronary heart disease. The mechanisms underlying these novel findings warrant further investigation.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.118.022132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,26]],"date-time":"2018-12-26T15:07:11Z","timestamp":1545836831000},"page":"2822-2829","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["<i>APOE<\/i>\n            and the Association of Fatty Acids With the Risk of Stroke, Coronary Heart Disease, and Mortality"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Claudia L.","family":"Satizabal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology (C.L.S., H.J.A., M.P.P., J.R.R., C.S.K., A.S.B., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA"},{"name":"Framingham Heart Study, MA (C.L.S., K.L.D.-P., H.J.A., M.P.P., J.R.R., R.S.V., A.S.B., S.S.)"},{"name":"Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer\u2019s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, TX (C.L.S., S.S.)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9cilia","family":"Samieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR U1219-Inserm, University of Bordeaux, France (C.S., C.H., S.D.)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kendra L.","family":"Davis-Plourde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Framingham Heart Study, MA (C.L.S., K.L.D.-P., H.J.A., M.P.P., J.R.R., R.S.V., A.S.B., S.S.)"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics (K.L.D.-P., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Voetsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Lahey Hospital &amp; Medical Center, Burlington, MA (B.V.)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hugo J.","family":"Aparicio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology (C.L.S., H.J.A., M.P.P., J.R.R., C.S.K., A.S.B., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA"},{"name":"Framingham Heart Study, MA (C.L.S., K.L.D.-P., H.J.A., M.P.P., J.R.R., R.S.V., A.S.B., S.S.)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew P.","family":"Pase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology (C.L.S., H.J.A., M.P.P., J.R.R., C.S.K., A.S.B., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA"},{"name":"Framingham Heart Study, MA (C.L.S., K.L.D.-P., H.J.A., M.P.P., J.R.R., R.S.V., A.S.B., S.S.)"},{"name":"Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia (M.P.P.)"},{"name":"Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia (M.P.P.)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Rafael","family":"Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology (C.L.S., H.J.A., M.P.P., J.R.R., C.S.K., A.S.B., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA"},{"name":"Framingham Heart Study, MA (C.L.S., K.L.D.-P., H.J.A., M.P.P., J.R.R., R.S.V., A.S.B., S.S.)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Helmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR U1219-Inserm, University of Bordeaux, France (C.S., C.H., S.D.)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramachandran S.","family":"Vasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine (R.S.V.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA"},{"name":"Framingham Heart Study, MA (C.L.S., K.L.D.-P., H.J.A., M.P.P., J.R.R., R.S.V., A.S.B., S.S.)"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology (R.S.V.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos S.","family":"Kase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology (C.L.S., H.J.A., M.P.P., J.R.R., C.S.K., A.S.B., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.S.K.)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phanie","family":"Debette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR U1219-Inserm, University of Bordeaux, France (C.S., C.H., S.D.)"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Memory Clinic, Bordeaux University Hospital, France (S.D.)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexa S.","family":"Beiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology (C.L.S., H.J.A., M.P.P., J.R.R., C.S.K., A.S.B., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA"},{"name":"Framingham Heart Study, MA (C.L.S., K.L.D.-P., H.J.A., M.P.P., J.R.R., R.S.V., A.S.B., S.S.)"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics (K.L.D.-P., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sudha","family":"Seshadri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Neurology (C.L.S., H.J.A., M.P.P., J.R.R., C.S.K., A.S.B., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA"},{"name":"Framingham Heart Study, MA (C.L.S., K.L.D.-P., H.J.A., M.P.P., J.R.R., R.S.V., A.S.B., S.S.)"},{"name":"Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer\u2019s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, TX (C.L.S., S.S.)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"US Department of Agriculture US Department of Health and Human Services. 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