{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T17:11:30Z","timestamp":1791652290502,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Purpose\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite early aneurysm repair and aggressive management for complications, subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) results in at least 25% mortality rate and 50% persistent neurological deficit. We investigated whether ceria nanoparticles which have potent antioxidative activities can protect against subarachnoid hemorrhage via attenuating fatal brain injuries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Uniform, 3 nm, water-dispersed ceria nanoparticles were prepared from short sol-gel reaction of cerium (III) ions with aminocaproic acid in aqueous phase. SAH was induced by endovascular perforation of middle cerebral artery of rats. A single dose of ceria nanoparticles (0.5 mg Ce\/kg) or saline control was randomly administered intravenously at an hour post-SAH. Neuronal death, macrophage infiltration, SAH grade, and brain edema were evaluated at 72 hours. Mortality and neurological function were assessed for 14 days.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The obtained ceria nanoparticles with high Ce\n                      <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                      to Ce\n                      <jats:sup>4+<\/jats:sup>\n                      ratio demonstrated potent antioxidative, cytoprotective, and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro. In rodent SAH models, the severity of hemorrhage was comparable between the ceria nanoparticles- and saline-treated groups. However, ceria nanoparticles significantly reduced neuronal death, macrophage infiltration, and brain edema after SAH. Ceria nanoparticles successfully improved survival rates (88.2% in the ceria nanoparticles group versus 21.1% in the control group;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001) and neurological outcomes (modified Garcia score: 12.1\u00b10.5 in the ceria nanoparticles group versus 4.4\u00b10.5 in the control group;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001) of the animals with SAH.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ceria nanoparticles, totally synthesized in aqueous phase using aminocaproic acid, demonstrated promising results against SAH via potent antioxidative, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities. Given the obvious limitations of current therapies for SAH, ceria nanoparticles can be a potential therapeutic agent which might result in a paradigm shift in SAH treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.118.022631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,26]],"date-time":"2018-12-26T10:07:11Z","timestamp":1545818831000},"page":"3030-3038","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Ceria Nanoparticles Synthesized With Aminocaproic Acid for the Treatment of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Han-Gil","family":"Jeong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Laboratory of Innovative Nanotechnology, Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea (H.-G.J., D.-W.K., D.Y.K., S.K.K., S.I.K., J.h.H., W.Y., C.K.K., S.-H.L.)"},{"name":"Korean Cerebrovascular Research Institute, Seoul (H.-G.J., D.-W.K., D.Y.K., S.K.K., S.I.K., J.h.H., W.Y., C.K.K., S.-H.L.), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bong Geun","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering (B.G.C., J.K.), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-Wan","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Laboratory of Innovative Nanotechnology, Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea (H.-G.J., D.-W.K., D.Y.K., S.K.K., S.I.K., J.h.H., W.Y., C.K.K., S.-H.L.)"},{"name":"Korean Cerebrovascular Research Institute, Seoul (H.-G.J., D.-W.K., D.Y.K., S.K.K., S.I.K., J.h.H., W.Y., C.K.K., S.-H.L.), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Do Yeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Laboratory of Innovative Nanotechnology, Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea (H.-G.J., D.-W.K., D.Y.K., S.K.K., S.I.K., J.h.H., W.Y., C.K.K., S.-H.L.)"},{"name":"Korean Cerebrovascular Research Institute, Seoul (H.-G.J., D.-W.K., D.Y.K., S.K.K., S.I.K., J.h.H., W.Y., C.K.K., S.-H.L.), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seul Ki","family":"Ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Laboratory of Innovative Nanotechnology, Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea (H.-G.J., D.-W.K., D.Y.K., S.K.K., S.I.K., J.h.H., W.Y., C.K.K., S.-H.L.)"},{"name":"Korean Cerebrovascular Research Institute, Seoul (H.-G.J., D.-W.K., D.Y.K., S.K.K., S.I.K., J.h.H., W.Y., C.K.K., S.-H.L.), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song I.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Laboratory of Innovative Nanotechnology, Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea (H.-G.J., D.-W.K., D.Y.K., S.K.K., S.I.K., J.h.H., W.Y., C.K.K., S.-H.L.)"},{"name":"Korean Cerebrovascular Research Institute, Seoul (H.-G.J., D.-W.K., D.Y.K., S.K.K., S.I.K., J.h.H., W.Y., C.K.K., S.-H.L.), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ju hee","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Laboratory of Innovative Nanotechnology, Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea (H.-G.J., D.-W.K., D.Y.K., S.K.K., S.I.K., J.h.H., W.Y., C.K.K., S.-H.L.)"},{"name":"Korean Cerebrovascular Research Institute, Seoul (H.-G.J., D.-W.K., D.Y.K., S.K.K., S.I.K., J.h.H., W.Y., C.K.K., S.-H.L.), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wookjin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Laboratory of Innovative Nanotechnology, Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea (H.-G.J., D.-W.K., D.Y.K., S.K.K., S.I.K., J.h.H., W.Y., C.K.K., S.-H.L.)"},{"name":"Korean Cerebrovascular Research Institute, Seoul (H.-G.J., D.-W.K., D.Y.K., S.K.K., S.I.K., J.h.H., W.Y., C.K.K., S.-H.L.), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi Kyung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Laboratory of Innovative Nanotechnology, Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea (H.-G.J., D.-W.K., D.Y.K., S.K.K., S.I.K., J.h.H., W.Y., C.K.K., S.-H.L.)"},{"name":"Korean Cerebrovascular Research Institute, Seoul (H.-G.J., D.-W.K., D.Y.K., S.K.K., S.I.K., J.h.H., W.Y., C.K.K., S.-H.L.), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Korea University Guro Hospital and Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul (C.K.K.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaeyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering (B.G.C., J.K.), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science &amp; Technology (SAIHST) (J.K.), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Biomedical Institute for Convergence (BICS) (J.K.), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung-Hoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Laboratory of Innovative Nanotechnology, Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea (H.-G.J., D.-W.K., D.Y.K., S.K.K., S.I.K., J.h.H., W.Y., C.K.K., S.-H.L.)"},{"name":"Korean Cerebrovascular Research Institute, Seoul (H.-G.J., D.-W.K., D.Y.K., S.K.K., S.I.K., J.h.H., W.Y., C.K.K., S.-H.L.), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea 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