{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T01:59:52Z","timestamp":1789005592321,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Purpose\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bridging therapy with low-molecular-weight heparin reportedly leads to a worse outcome for acute cardioembolic stroke patients because of a higher incidence of intracerebral bleeding. However, this practice is common in clinical settings. This observational study aimed to compare (1) the clinical profiles of patients receiving and not receiving bridging therapy, (2) overall group outcomes, and (3) outcomes according to the type of anticoagulant prescribed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed data of patients from the prospective RAF and RAF-NOACs studies. The primary outcome was defined as the composite of ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, systemic embolism, symptomatic cerebral bleeding, and major extracerebral bleeding observed at 90 days after the acute stroke.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 1810 patients who initiated oral anticoagulant therapy, 371 (20%) underwent bridging therapy with full-dose low-molecular-weight heparin. Older age and the presence of leukoaraiosis were inversely correlated with the use of bridging therapy. Forty-two bridged patients (11.3%) reached the combined outcome versus 72 (5.0%) of the nonbridged patients (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.0001). At multivariable analysis, bridging therapy was associated with the composite end point (odds ratio, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.4\u20133.7;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.0001), as well as ischemic (odds ratio, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.3\u20133.9;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.005) and hemorrhagic (odds ratio, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.2\u20134.9;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.01) end points separately.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggest that patients receiving low-molecular-weight heparin have a higher risk of early ischemic recurrence and hemorrhagic transformation compared with nonbridged patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.118.022856","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,21]],"date-time":"2019-06-21T05:00:24Z","timestamp":1561093224000},"page":"2093-2100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Anticoagulation After Stroke in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Altavilla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy (R.A., V.C., G.A., C.B., A.A., M.V., M.A., C.D., M.G.M., L.A.C., J.F., M.P.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Caso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy (R.A., V.C., G.A., C.B., A.A., M.V., M.A., C.D., M.G.M., L.A.C., J.F., M.P.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Bandini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ospedale San Paolo, Savona, Italy (F.B.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Agnelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy (R.A., V.C., G.A., C.B., A.A., M.V., M.A., C.D., M.G.M., L.A.C., J.F., M.P.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Tsivgoulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (G.T.)"},{"name":"Second Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece (G.T., C.L., M. Chondrogianni)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shadi","family":"Yaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Azienda Unit\u00e0 Sanitaria Locale\u2013IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy (M.Z.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen L.","family":"Furie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Azienda Unit\u00e0 Sanitaria Locale\u2013IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy (M.Z.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prasanna","family":"Tadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Azienda Unit\u00e0 Sanitaria Locale\u2013IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy (M.Z.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Becattini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy (R.A., V.C., G.A., C.B., A.A., M.V., M.A., C.D., M.G.M., L.A.C., J.F., M.P.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marialuisa","family":"Zedde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Azienda Unit\u00e0 Sanitaria Locale\u2013IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy (M.Z.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azmil H.","family":"Abdul-Rahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.H.A.-R., K.R.L.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kennedy R.","family":"Lees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.H.A.-R., K.R.L.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Alberti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy (R.A., V.C., G.A., C.B., A.A., M.V., M.A., C.D., M.G.M., L.A.C., J.F., M.P.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Venti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy (R.A., V.C., G.A., C.B., A.A., M.V., M.A., C.D., M.G.M., L.A.C., J.F., M.P.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Acciarresi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy (R.A., V.C., G.A., C.B., A.A., M.V., M.A., C.D., M.G.M., L.A.C., J.F., M.P.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cataldo","family":"D\u2019Amore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy (R.A., V.C., G.A., C.B., A.A., M.V., M.A., C.D., M.G.M., L.A.C., J.F., M.P.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Giulia Mosconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy (R.A., V.C., G.A., C.B., A.A., M.V., M.A., C.D., M.G.M., L.A.C., J.F., M.P.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludovica","family":"Anna Cimini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy (R.A., V.C., G.A., C.B., A.A., M.V., M.A., C.D., M.G.M., L.A.C., J.F., M.P.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Fusaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Stroke Unit and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy (R.A., V.C., G.A., C.B., A.A., M.V., M.A., C.D., M.G.M., L.A.C., J.F., M.P.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Bovi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SSO Stroke Unit, UO Neurologia, DAI di Neuroscienze, AOUI Verona, Italy (P.B., M. Carletti, A.R., M. Cappellari)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Carletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SSO Stroke Unit, UO Neurologia, DAI di Neuroscienze, AOUI Verona, Italy (P.B., M. Carletti, A.R., M. Cappellari)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Rigatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SSO Stroke Unit, UO Neurologia, DAI di Neuroscienze, AOUI Verona, Italy (P.B., M. Carletti, A.R., M. Cappellari)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Cappellari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SSO Stroke Unit, UO Neurologia, DAI di Neuroscienze, AOUI Verona, Italy (P.B., M. Carletti, A.R., M. Cappellari)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jukka","family":"Putaala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (J.P., L.T., T.T.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liisa","family":"Tomppo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (J.P., L.T., T.T.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Turgut","family":"Tatlisumak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland (J.P., L.T., T.T.)"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (T.T.)"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden (T.T.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Marcheselli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurologia d\u2019urgenza e Stroke Unit, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, Milano, Italy (S.M.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Pezzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Unit, University of Brescia, Italy (A. 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Martini)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Ntaios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece (G.N., G.A., K.M., E.K.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Athanasakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece (G.N., G.A., K.M., E.K.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Makaritsis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece (G.N., G.A., K.M., E.K.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Efstathia","family":"Karagkiozi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece (G.N., G.A., K.M., E.K.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Vadikolias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Greece (K.V.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chrysoula","family":"Liantinioti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Neurology, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Greece (G.T., C.L., M. 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