{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T02:27:13Z","timestamp":1783477633725,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background and Purpose\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Few studies have assessed the association of HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol with stroke risk among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We aimed to investigate the association of HDL cholesterol with total and type-specific stroke risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We performed a retrospective cohort study of 27\u2009113 blacks and 40\u2009431 whites with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the association of different levels of HDL cholesterol with stroke risk.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              During a mean follow-up period of 3.0 years, 8496 patients developed stroke (8048 ischemic and 448 hemorrhagic). Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios across levels of HDL at baseline (&lt;30 [reference group], 30\u201339.9, 40\u201349.9, 50\u201359.9, 60\u201369.9, 70\u201379.9, and \u226580 mg\/dL) were 1.00, 0.86, 0.77, 0.71, 0.71, 0.77, and 0.69 (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub>\n              &lt;0.001) for total stroke, 1.00, 0.89, 0.82, 0.75, 0.78, 0.76, and 0.75 (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub>\n              &lt;0.001) for ischemic stroke, and 1.00, 0.89, 0.69, 0.66, 0.47, and 0.94 (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub>\n              =0.021) for hemorrhagic stroke, respectively. When we used an updated mean value of HDL cholesterol, the inverse association of HDL cholesterol with stroke risk did not change. This inverse association was consistent among patients of different ages, races, sexes, body mass index, hemoglobin A1c levels, never and past or current smokers, and patients with and without using glucose-lowering, cholesterol-lowering, or antihypertensive agents.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions\u2014<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The present study found consistent inverse associations between HDL cholesterol and the risk of total, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.118.023682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,10]],"date-time":"2019-01-10T10:01:06Z","timestamp":1547114466000},"page":"291-297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Inverse Association Between HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) Cholesterol and Stroke Risk Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Yun","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (Y.S., P.T.K., G.H.)"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai, China (Y.S.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lizheng","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health Management and Policy (L.S.), Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Nauman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Louisiana Public Health Institute, New Orleans, LA (E.N.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter T.","family":"Katzmarzyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (Y.S., P.T.K., G.H.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eboni G.","family":"Price-Haywood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ochsner Health System Center for Applied Health Services Research, New Orleans, LA (E.G.P.-H.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra N.","family":"Bazzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences (A.N.B.), Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somesh","family":"Nigam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Louisiana, Baton Rouge, LA (S.N.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (Y.S., P.T.K., G.H.)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61778-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.001326"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2017.08.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.112.674812"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.09.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4921-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1405"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2013.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-014-3370-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2011.01404.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-0858"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2014-002747"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12859"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x","article-title":"Regression models and life tables (with discussion).","volume":"34","author":"Cox DR","year":"1972","unstructured":"Cox, DR. 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