{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T01:14:07Z","timestamp":1789434847848,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background and Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              The pathophysiology of development, growth, and rupture of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) is only partly understood. Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandin H\n              <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n              , which, in turn, is isomerized to prostaglandin E\n              <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n              . In the human body, COX-2 plays an essential role in inflammatory pathways. This explorative study aimed to investigate COX-2 expression in the wall of IAs and its correlation to image features in clinical (1.0T, 1.5T, and 3.0T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultra-high-field 7T MRI.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The study group comprised 40 patients with partly thrombosed saccular IAs. The cohort included 17 ruptured- and 24 unruptured IAs, which had all been treated microsurgically. Formaldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded samples were immunohistochemically stained with a monoclonal antibody against COX-2 (Dako, Santa Clara, CA; Clone: CX-294). We correlated Perls Prussian blue staining, MRI, and clinical data with immunohistochemistry, analyzed using the Trainable Weka Segmentation algorithm.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              Aneurysm dome size ranged between 2 and 67 mm. The proportion of COX-2 positive cells ranged between 3.54% to 85.09%. An upregulated COX-2 expression correlated with increasing IA dome size (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.047). Furthermore, there was a tendency of higher COX-2 expression in most ruptured IAs (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.064). At all field strengths, MRI shows wall hypointensities due to iron deposition correlating with COX-2 expression (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.022).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Iron deposition and COX-2 expression in IAs walls correlate with signal hypointensity in MRI, which might, therefore, serve as a biomarker for IA instability. Furthermore, as COX-2 was also expressed in small unruptured IAs, it could be a potential target for specific medical treatment.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.120.030590","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,10]],"date-time":"2020-07-10T09:00:47Z","timestamp":1594371647000},"page":"2505-2513","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Pathophysiology of Intracranial Aneurysms"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3185-2391","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jan","family":"Rodemerk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery (J.R., B.C., D.P., P.D., M.D.O., Y.Z., R.J., U.S., K.H.W.), University Hospital Essen, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Junker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Neuropathology (A.J.), University Hospital Essen, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bixia","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery (J.R., B.C., D.P., P.D., M.D.O., Y.Z., R.J., U.S., K.H.W.), University Hospital Essen, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Pierscianek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery (J.R., B.C., D.P., P.D., M.D.O., Y.Z., R.J., U.S., K.H.W.), University Hospital Essen, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Dammann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery (J.R., B.C., D.P., P.D., M.D.O., Y.Z., R.J., U.S., K.H.W.), University Hospital Essen, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marvin","family":"Darkwah Oppong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery (J.R., B.C., D.P., P.D., M.D.O., Y.Z., R.J., U.S., K.H.W.), University Hospital Essen, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Radbruch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.R., M.F.), University Hospital Essen, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Forsting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology (A.R., M.F.), University Hospital Essen, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Maderwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Germany (S.M., H.H.Q.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harald H.","family":"Quick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Erwin L. 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