{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T13:41:25Z","timestamp":1785937285293,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["www.ahajournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background and Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising biomarkers for cerebral ischemic diseases, but not systematically tested in patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). We aimed at (1) investigating the profile of EV-surface antigens in patients with symptoms suspicious for TIA; (2) developing and validating a predictive model for TIA diagnosis based on a specific EV-surface antigen profile.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We analyzed 40 subjects with symptoms suspicious for TIA and 20 healthy controls from a training cohort. An independent cohort of 28 subjects served as external validation. Patients were stratified according to likelihood of having a real ischemic event using the Precise Diagnostic Score, defined as: unlikely (score 0\u20131), possible-probable (score 2\u20133), or very likely (score 4\u20138). Serum vesicles were quantified by nanoparticle tracking analysis and EV-surface antigen profile characterized by multiplex flow cytometry.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              EV concentration increased in patients with very likely or possible-probable TIA (\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.05) compared with controls. Nanoparticle concentration was directly correlated with the Precise Diagnostic score (\n              <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n              =0.712;\n              <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n              &lt;0.001). After EV immuno-capturing, CD8, CD2, CD62P, melanoma-associated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, CD42a, CD44, CD326, CD142, CD31, and CD14 were identified as discriminants between groups. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis confirmed a reliable diagnostic performance for each of these markers taken individually and for a compound marker derived from their linear combinations (area under the curve, 0.851). Finally, a random forest model combining the expression levels of selected markers achieved an accuracy of 96% and 78.9% for discriminating patients with a very likely TIA, in the training and external validation cohort, respectively.\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The EV-surface antigen profile appears to be different in patients with transient symptoms adjudicated to be very likely caused by brain ischemia compared with patients whose symptoms were less likely to due to brain ischemia. We propose an algorithm based on an EV-surface-antigen specific signature that might aid in the recognition of TIA.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.120.033170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]],"date-time":"2021-08-04T09:00:21Z","timestamp":1628067621000},"page":"3335-3347","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Extracellular Vesicle Surface Markers as a Diagnostic Tool in Transient Ischemic Attacks"],"prefix":"10.1161","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7884-7314","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jacopo","family":"Burrello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland (J.B., G.V.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0797-3668","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Bianco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Clinic, Stroke Center, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano (G.B., C.M., F.M., G.M., C.W.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessio","family":"Burrello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering (DEI), University of Bologna, Italy (A.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Concetta","family":"Manno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Clinic, Stroke Center, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano (G.B., C.M., F.M., G.M., C.W.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Maulucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Clinic, Stroke Center, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano (G.B., C.M., F.M., G.M., C.W.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Pileggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano (M.P., A.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Nannoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stroke Center, Neurology Service, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland (S.N., P.M., C.W.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrik","family":"Michel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stroke Center, Neurology Service, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland (S.N., P.M., C.W.C.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Bolis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland (S.B., L.B.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Melli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Clinic, Stroke Center, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano (G.B., C.M., F.M., G.M., C.W.C.)."},{"name":"Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Universit\u00e0 Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland (G.M., G.V., L.B., C.W.C)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Vassalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland (J.B., G.V.)."},{"name":"Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Universit\u00e0 Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland (G.M., G.V., L.B., C.W.C)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory W.","family":"Albers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Clinic, Stroke Center, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano (G.B., C.M., F.M., G.M., C.W.C.)."},{"name":"Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland (S.B., L.B.)."},{"name":"Department of Neurology &amp; Neurologic Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford Stroke Center (G.W.A.)."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Cianfoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano (M.P., 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